Table 1.

Comparison with existing methods.

Reference	Rationale	Method	Health outcome	Utilizes a PHLa	Privacy-aware	Incorporates ODLsb	Incorporates SDoHc
Audio-PaHL Barr et al [17,18]	Self-management	Audio text retrieval Natural Language Processing (NLP) Social Network Analysis	Multiple	Yes	No	No	No
PHDd Backonja et al [19,20]	EHRe Enhancements	Collection of structured data using standards and protocols	Multiple	No	Yes	Yes	No
Ralston et al [21]	Self-management	Web-based Interactive EHR	Diabetes	No	No	Yes	No
PerKApp [22]	Health promotion	Semantic inference and knowledge representation	Diabetes	No	No	No	No
PHKGf [23,24]	Health promotion	Semantic inference and knowledge representation	Diabetes	No	No	No	No
kHealth Sheth et al [25]	Early warning decision support system	Declarative knowledge-based reasoning and machine learning	Asthma	No	No	No	No
Seneviratne et al [26]	Disease characterization	Semantic inference and knowledge representation	Breast cancer	No	No	No	No
Chari et al [27]	Treatment recommendations	Knowledge integration	Diabetes	No	No	No	No

^aPHL: personal health library.

^bODLs: observations of daily living.

^cSDoH: social determinants of health.

^dPHD: Project HealthDesign.

^eEHR: electronic health record.

^fPHKG: personal health knowledge graph.