Table 1.
Characteristics of the 17 studies included in the systematic review of medication adherence after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
| Author (Year) | Type of study | Country & Setting | Sample Size | Demographics (Age/years, Sex, Race) | Health Insurance Coverage | Medication Data Source /Method | Inclusion Period | Length of Follow-up | Study Condition | Study Medication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nordstrom et al. (2013)21 | Retrospective cohort | US, Population-based (covers > 20 million patients) | 1,340 | Mean age: 56.7 Men: 79.5% | Commercial or Medicare | Claims data /MPR* | Jul, 2009 – Jun, 2010 | 1 year | ACS-PCI | Prasugrel |
| Sanfelix-Gimeno et al. (2013)22 | Retrospective cohort | Spain, Population-based (Valencia community) | 7,462 | Mean age: 68.8 (Range: ≥35) Men: 70% | Universal health coverage | Claims data /PDC* | Jan, 2008 – Dec, 2008 | 9 months | ACS | ACEI/ARB, beta-blocker, statin, aspirin & clopidogrel |
| Zhang et al. (2012)23 | Retrospective cohort | US, Population-based (Medicare FFS) | 91,272 | Men: 44.7% White: 80.9% | Medicare FFS | Claims data /MPR | 2008 | Until Dec, 2009 or death | AMI | ACEI/ARB, beta-blocker, statin |
| Danchin et al. (2011)24 | Retrospective cohort | France, Population-based (covers 70% national population) | 4,939 | Mean age: 49.5 (Range <60) Men: 85% | Universal health coverage | Claims data /Prescriptions delivered | Jan – Jun 2006 | 30 months | AMI | Statin |
| Lai et al. (2011)25 | Retrospective cohort | Canada, Population-based (British Columbia) | 9,926 | Age: ≥65 Men: 59.6% | Universal health coverage | Claims data /PDC | Apr, 1994 – Jan, 2002 | 1 year | AMI | ACEI, beta-blocker, statin |
| Allen LaPointe et al. (2011)26 | Prospective cohort | US, Hospital-based (41 hospitals, CRUSADE registry) | 973 | Men: 69% | Various types | Telephone survey /Self-report | Jan, 2006 – Sep, 2007 | 3 months | NSTE ACS | ACEI/ARB, beta-blocker, lipid-lowering agent |
| Maio et al. (2011)27 | Retrospective cohort | Italy, Population-based (Regione Emilia-Romagna) | 24,367 | Age: ≥35 Men: 64% | Universal health coverage | Claims data /PDC | Jan, 2004 – Dec, 2007 | 12 months | AMI (first time) | Beta-blocker |
| Belleudi et al. (2011)28 | Retrospective cohort | Italy, Population-based (Rome) | 3,920 | Mean age: 64.6 (Range: 35–80) Men: 73.2% | Universal health coverage | Claims data /PDC | Jan, 2006 – Jun, 2007 | 1 year | AMI | ACEI/ARB, beta-blocker, statin, antiplatelet |
| Zhu et al. (2011)29 | Retrospective cohort | US, Population-based (employer-based claims database) | 10,465 | Mean age: 54.9 (Range: 18–65) Men: 77.5% | Private insurance | Claims data /MPR | Jan, 2005 – Dec, 2006 | 1 year | ACS-PCI | Clopidogrel |
| Kronish et al. (2010)30 | Prospective cohort | US, Hospital-based (3 academic hospitals in CT & NY) | 105 | Mean age: 59 (Range: 25–83) Men: 53% White 87% | N/A | MEMS* /Electronic Medication Monitor | May, 2003 – Apr, 2005 | 3 months | ACS | Aspirin |
| Tuppin et al. (2010)31 | Retrospective cohort | France, Population-based (covers 70% national population) | 11,604 | Universal health coverage | Claims data /MPR | Jan – Jun, 2006 | 30 months | AMI | ACEI/ARB, beta-blocker, statin, aspirin/clopidogrel | |
| Winkelmayer et al. (2008)32 | Retrospective cohort | US, Population-based (Medicare population, NJ & PA) | 21,484 | Mean age: 79.7 (Range: ≥65) Men: 72.6% White: 92.0% | Medicare | Claims data /PDC | 1994 – 2004 | 1 year | AMI | ACEI/ARB, beta-blocker, statin |
| Chan et al. (2008)33 | Retrospective cohort | US, Managed Care Org at Mid-Atlantic States | 387 | Mean age: 53.2 (Range: 18–64) Man: 76.2% | Private insurance | Claims data /MPR | Jan, 2002 – Dec, 2002 | 1 year | AMI | ACEI, ARB, beta-blocker, statin |
| Rasmussen et al. (2007)34 | Retrospective cohort | Canada, Population-based (Province of Ontario) | 31,455 | Age: ≥66 | Universal health coverage | Claims data /PDC | April, 1999 – May, 2003 | 1 year | AMI | Beta-blocker, statin |
| Rieckmann et al. (2006)35 | Prospective cohort (cross-lagged panel design) | US, Hospital-based (3 academic hospitals in CT & NY) | 172 | Mean age: 59.3 Men: 55.2% White: 86.6% | N/A | MEMS /Electronic Medication Monitor | May, 2003 – Apr, 2005 | 3 months | ACS | Aspirin |
| Wei et al. (2004)36 | Retrospective cohort | UK, Population-based (Tayside region, Scotland) | 865 | Mean age: 66.3 (Range: 30–93) Men: 59.4% | Universal health coverage | Claims data /PDC | Jan, 1994 – Dec, 1995 | Until Dec 1999. (Min: 4 years) | AMI (first time) | Beta-blocker |
| Simpson et al. (2003)37 | Retrospective cohort | Canada, Population-based (Province of Quebec) | 14,057 | Age: ≥65 | Universal health coverage | Claims data /PDC | Jan, 1996, – Dec, 1998 | 1 year | AMI (first time) | ACEI, beta-blocker, lipid-lowering agent, aspirin |
*
MPR = medication possession ratio; PDC = proportion of days covered; MEMS = medication event monitoring system