Fig 4. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi).
A: Each section of the diagram represents the resistance observed in S. Typhi against the antibiotic. Size of each section is proportional to the proportion of S. Typhi resistant to the antibiotic over the study period. Antibiotics of the same class are shown in similar colors. B: Line graphs show temporal trends of proportion of resistant S. Typhi in a clockwise direction from 2011 to 2015. C: Bar charts show the comparison of susceptibility to resistant isolates in patients of different age groups. Moving from out to inward, bars represent proportion of resistant S. Typhi reported in children <5 years of age, young adults between 6 to 18 years, and middle aged 19 to 45 years old, respectively. D: Gender-wise comparison to susceptibility to resistant S. Typhi is shown in form bars. Outer circle and inner circle show proportion of resistant S. Typhi isolated from women vs. men, respectively. E: For co-resistance analysis, antibiotics belonging to the same class with same susceptibility profile for all isolates of E. coli were merged into a single variable. F: Proportion S. Typhi isolates resistant to one antimicrobial resistant to another antimicrobial are shown in the connections. The area covered by the connection on E is proportional to the level of co-resistance observed. Co-resistance proportions were scaled down to 1/10th of the actual overlap for visualization. Abbreviations: CFN: Ceftriaxone, CFD: Ceftazidime, CFT: Cefotaxime, CPZ: Cefoperazone, CFX: Cefixime, CFP: Cefepime, CIP: Ciprofloxacin, LEV: Levofloxacin, OFL: Ofloxacin, MOX: Moxifloxacin, NAL-A: Nalidixic acid, AMP-S: Ampicillin-Sulbactam, AMX-C: Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, AMP: Ampicillin, AMX: Amoxicillin, and TRI-S: Trime-Sulphamethoxazole.