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. 2021 Apr 12;12:642771. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642771

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Copyright © 2021 Patterson, Byerly and McBride

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A. phagocytophilum interplay with the autophagic pathway. (1) A. phagocytophilum selectively recruits Rab GTPases Rab4A, Rab10, Rab11A, Rab14, Rab22A, Rab35 which regulate endocytic recycling and Rab1 which regulates vesicular protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi compartment. (2) T4SS effector Ats-1 is translocated from the ApV into the host cell cytoplasm and (3) directly interacts with autophagsome initiation complex (Atg14-Beclin 1-Vps34) to initiate omegasome formation in the ER. (4) Isolation membrane elongates and (5) double-membrane autophagosome decorated with LC3 form. (6) Autophagosomes are recruited to the ApV that fuse to release autophagic body content. (7) A. phagocytopilum blocks lysosomal fusion potentially by preventing endosomal maturation and/or through other unknown mechanisms.