Table 2.
Adjusted 6- and 12-month changes in the ADAS-Cog and composite scores
| Cycling | Stretching | Between-group difference | |||
| Measure | Mean±SEM | p | Mean±SEM | p | p |
| 6-month Changes | |||||
| ADAS-Cog | 1.0±4.6 | 0.1±4.1 | 0.386 | ||
| Composites | |||||
| Memory | –0.017±0.017 | 0.320 | –0.044±0.016 | 0.012* | 0.447 |
| Executive function | –0.016±0.010 | 0.126 | –0.016±0.018 | 0.380 | 0.849 |
| Attention | –0.042±0.017 | 0.015* | –0.024±0.019 | 0.208 | 0.539 |
| Processing speed | –0.037±0.009 | 0.000* | –0.040±0.014 | 0.009* | 0.778 |
| Language | –0.038±0.010 | 0.000* | –0.039±0.012 | 0.004* | 0.925 |
| Global cognition | –0.031±0.007 | 0.000* | –0.033±0.009 | 0.001* | 0.844 |
| 12-month Changes | |||||
| ADAS-Cog | 2.4±5.2 | 2.2±5.7 | 0.856 | ||
| Cognitive composites | |||||
| Memory | –0.012±0.005 | 0.024* | –0.023±0.007 | 0.003* | 0.274 |
| Executive function | –0.013±0.005 | 0.015* | –0.010±0.008 | 0.218 | 0.864 |
| Attention | –0.033±0.010 | 0.001* | –0.036±0.011 | 0.005* | 0.900 |
| Processing speed | –0.030±0.006 | 0.000* | –0.026±0.008 | 0.003* | 0.763 |
| Language | –0.028±0.005 | 0.000* | –0.027±0.007 | 0.001* | 0.925 |
| Global cognition | –0.024±0.004 | 0.000* | –0.025±0.005 | 0.000* | 0.830 |
The p-values for cycling and stretching are from testing the effect of time on the longitudinal outcome using mixed-effects models, which adjusts for covariates and participant-specific random intercepts. The p-values for between-group difference are from testing the interactive effect of group and time on the longitudinal outcomes using mixed-effects, which includes fixed effects for treatment group, time, and their interaction, covariates, and participant-specific random intercepts.