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. 2021 Apr 27;78(4):487–499. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.04.026

Figure 4.

Figure 4

2020:2019 ratios of patient revenues and direct expenses in 136 EDs. Figure 4 shows 2020:2019 ratios for 24 freestanding EDs, 40 small EDs (<30,000 visits/year), 56 medium EDs (30,000 to 59,999 visits/year), and 16 large EDs (>60,000 visits/year). Red vertical lines divide the prepandemic, early pandemic, and later pandemic time periods. Shaded area around lines are 95% confidence intervals.