Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants
| Characteristics | Male N (%) | Female N (%) | All N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| All | 69 (100) | 515 (100) | 584 (100) |
| Age groupa | |||
| 19–29 | 6 (8.7) | 251 (48.9) | 257 (44.0) |
| 30–59 | 17 (24.6) | 55 (10.7) | 72 (12.3) |
| 60–69 | 21 (30.4) | 79 (15.4) | 100 (17.1) |
| >70 | 25 (36.2) | 128 (25.0) | 153 (26.2) |
| Smokinga | |||
| Smoker | 7 (10.1) | 7 (1.4) | 14 (2.4) |
| Past smoker | 20 (29.0) | 8 (1.6) | 28 (4.8) |
| Never smoker | 40 (58.0) | 499 (96.9) | 539 (92.3) |
| Fasting timea | |||
| ≤2 h | 24 (34.8) | 105 (20.4) | 129 (22.1) |
| >2 h | 45 (65.2) | 408 (79.2) | 453 (77.6) |
| Medicinea | |||
| With medication | 36 (52.2) | 163 (31.7) | 199 (34.1) |
| No medication | 31 (44.9) | 351 (68.2) | 382 (65.4) |
| Areab | |||
| Tohoku | 9 (13.0) | 59 (11.5) | 68 (11.6) |
| Kanto–Tokai | 14 (20.3) | 130 (25.2) | 144 (24.7) |
| Kinki–Chugoku | 15 (21.7) | 100 (19.4) | 115 (19.7) |
| North Kyushu | 30 (43.5) | 157 (30.5) | 187 (32.0) |
| South Kyushu | 1 (1.4) | 69 (13.4) | 70 (12.0) |
aData exclude the participants who did not answer the questionnaire
bTohoku includes Aomori and Miyagi; Kanto–Tokai includes Chiba, Saitama, Kanagawa, Tokyo and two areas in Shizuoka; Kinki–Chugoku includes two areas each in Nara and Hiroshima; North Kyushu includes Kitakyushu, Munakata, two areas in Fukuoka and Nagasaki; and South Kyushu includes Kagoshima and Okinawa