Table 3.

Mean and SE of palatability VAS ratings by age, sex, smoking, fasting time, and medication

		0.3% NaCl		0.6% NaCl		0.9% NaCl		P value*
	N	−MSG	+MSG	−MSG	+MSG	−MSG	+MSG
All	584	30.7 ± 0.8a	60.6 ± 0.9b	44.8 ± 0.7c	57.4 ± 0.7d	40.7 ± 0.7e	51.6 ± 0.8f	<0.0001
Sex
Male	69	28.9 ± 2.2a	56.2 ± 2.6b	39.7 ± 1.9c	54.1 ± 1.7b	41.6 ± 2.0c	50.3 ± 2.3b	<0.0001
Female	515	30.9 ± 0.8a	61.2 ± 1.0b	45.4 ± 0.7c	57.8 ± 0.8d	40.5 ± 0.8e	51.7 ± 0.9f	<0.0001
Age group (year)
19–29	257	32.1 ± 1.2a	61.6 ± 1.4b	47.4 ± 1.0c	58.8 ± 1.1b	42.4 ± 1.1d	51.7 ± 1.3c	<0.0001
30–59	72	25.9 ± 1.8a	65.5 ± 2.7b	43.5 ± 2.3c,d	57.1 ± 2.2e	38.9 ± 2.1c	51.5 ± 2.5d,e	<0.0001
60–69	100	27.8 ± 1.8a	59.5 ± 2.0b	42.3 ± 1.6c	55.1 ± 1.7b,d	39.9 ± 1.7c	51.5 ± 1.8d	<0.0001
>70	153	32.6 ± 1.5a	57.8 ± 1.8b	42.6 ± 1.4c	56.6 ± 1.4b,d	39.1 ± 1.6c	51.6 ± 1.5d	<0.0001
Smoking
Smoker	14	33.3 ± 5.9a	63.4 ± 4.5b	49.4 ± 5.4	62.0 ± 4.0b	40.4 ± 7.1a,c	55.3 ± 3.9b,c	0.0002
Past smoker	28	29.3 ± 3.5a	54.3 ± 4.2b	39.2 ± 2.8a,c	53.8 ± 3.2b	38.9 ± 2.9a,c	50.6 ± 3.9b,c	<0.0001
Never smoker	539	30.6 ± 0.8a	60.9 ± 0.9b	44.9 ± 0.7c	57.5 ± 0.8d	40.8 ± 0.8e	51.5 ± 0.9f	<0.0001
Fasting time
≤2 h	129	33.3 ± 1.7a	59.7 ± 2.0b	43.1 ± 1.7c	57.3 ± 1.5b	37.5 ± 1.6c	49.8 ± 1.7d	<0.0001
>2 h	453	29.8 ± 0.8a	60.9 ± 1.0b	45.2 ± 0.8c	57.4 ± 0.8d	41.5 ± 0.8e	52.0 ± 0.9f	<0.0001
Medicine
With medication	199	31.1 ± 1.3a	56.7 ± 1.5b	43.5 ± 1.2c	55.0 ± 1.2b,d	41.2 ± 1.3c	50.5 ± 1.3d	<0.0001
No medication	382	30.6 ± 0.9a	62.9 ± 1.1b	45.5 ± 0.9c	58.7 ± 0.9d	40.4 ± 0.9e	52.1 ± 1.1f	<0.0001

The significant differences between each rating score are indicated by alphabetic superscripts. A rating score is significantly different from others that have different superscript letters according to Tukey’s test (P < 0.05). A rating score without any alphabetic superscripts is not significantly different from any other score

^*P for repeated-measures ANOVA