Table 3.
Differences in blood pressure, lipid data, and HOMA index among the three subgroups, which are classified according to the type and intensity of exercise [97]
| Less dynamic exercise | Moderately dynamic exercise | Highly dynamic exercise | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 26 | n = 62 | n = 62 | |
| Height (cm) | 172.3 ± 5.1 | 172.8 ± 5.6 | 171.9 ± 5.5 |
| Body weight (kg) | 66.1 ± 8.4 | 65.4 ± 8.5 | 62.9 ± 6.4 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.3 ± 2.7 | 21.9 ± 2.6 | 21.3 ± 1.6 |
| Body fat (%) | 14.8 ± 4.2 | 13.8 ± 3.6 | 12.8 ± 2.7* |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 119 ± 10 | 120 ± 11 | 116 ± 10† |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 65 ± 6 | 65 ± 7 | 63 ± 7 |
| Mean blood pressure (mm Hg) | 83 ± 7 | 83 ± 7 | 81 ± 8 |
| Heart rate (/min) | 75 ± 12 | 69 ± 11* | 68 ± 11** |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 168 ± 22 | 161 ± 24 | 165 ± 34 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 60 ± 15 | 64 ± 12 | 64 ± 12 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 66 ± 29 | 54 ± 22* | 52 ± 21** |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 88 ± 5 | 89 ± 8 | 88 ± 5 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 9.1 ± 2.0 | 7.6 ± 3.0* | 6.9 ± 2.0** |
| HOMA index | 1.98 ± 0.43 | 1.70 ± 0.81 | 1.50 ± 0.46** |
Values are mean ± SD. HOMA index = fasting glucose × fasting insulin/405
HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA homeostasis model assessment
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. less dynamic exercise, †p < 0.05 vs. moderately dynamic exercise