Fig. 5.

Administration of LDN reduces Ang II-induced atrial inflammation. a Representative hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining (top) and F4/80 (macrophage marker) immunohistochemistry (bottom) in the atrial tissues of DMSO-treated and LDN-treated mice after infusion with saline or Ang II for 21 d (n = 5 mice per group). The quantification of F4/80-positive cells (right; n = 5 mice per group). b Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining of atrial tissues from DMSO-treated and LDN-treated mice after infusion with saline or Ang II for 21 d (left). The quantification of fold changes in DHE intensity (right; n = 5 mice per group). c–f qPCR analyses of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and IL-6) and NADPH oxidase subunit (NOX2 and NOX4) levels in atrial tissues (n = 5). n represents the number of animals. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01^, or ^#P < 0.05 versus saline-treated WT mice or Ang II-treated WT mice