Table 3.
Descriptive statistics of urine concentrations.
| Compound | Year | n | % >LOD | Median | P25–P75 | P95 | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-PBA | 2000 | 209 | 99 | 0.11 (0.08) | 0.06–0.22 (0.05–0.14) | 0.62 (0.43) | 5.64 (3.43) |
| 2004 | 197 | 96 | 0.10 (0.09) | 0.06–0.19 (0.05–0.16) | 0.56 (0.50) | 3.29 (2.66) | |
| 2009 | 254 | 100 | 0.15 (0.12) | 0.10–0.30 (0.08–0.24) | 1.02 (0.90) | 3.68 (2.79) | |
| 2013 | 294 | 100 | 0.15 (0.11) | 0.08–0.27 (0.06–0.20) | 0.79 (0.62) | 10.6 (7.89) | |
| 2017 | 195 | 100 | 0.21 (0.15) | 0.13–0.35 (0.11–0.30) | 0.92 (0.65) | 18.8 (15.2) | |
| 4F-3-PBA | 2000 | 209 | 63 | 0.01 (<LOD) | <LOD—0.01 (<LOD—0.01) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.38 (0.21) |
| 2004 | 197 | 54 | 0.01 (<LOD) | <LOD—0.01 (<LOD—0.01) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.06) | |
| 2009 | 254 | 74 | 0.01 (<LOD) | <LOD—0.01 (<LOD—0.01) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.25 (0.22) | |
| 2013 | 204 | 62 | 0.01 (<LOD) | <LOD—0.01 (<LOD—0.01) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.29 (0.44) | |
| 2017 | 195 | 42 | <LOD (<LOD) | <LOD—0.01 (<LOD—0.01) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.76 (0.54) | |
| CFCA | 2000 | 209 | 39 | <LOD (<LOD) | <LOD—0.01 (<LOD—0.01) | 0.05 (0.03) | 0.35 (0.18) |
| 2004 | 197 | 52 | 0.01 (0.01) | <LOD—0.01 (<LOD—0.01) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.09 (0.11) | |
| 2009 | 254 | 76 | 0.01 (0.01) | <LOD—0.03 (<LOD—0.02) | 0.10 (0.07) | 1.72 (0.90) | |
| 2013 | 204 | 86 | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.01–0.04 (0.01–0.03) | 0.09 (0.07) | 0.38 (0.39) | |
| 2017 | 195 | 90 | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.01–0.05 (0.01–0.04) | 0.40 (0.31) | 1.76 (1.20) | |
| DCCA | 2000 | 209 | 97 | 0.18 (0.13) | 0.11–0.31 (0.08–0.21) | 0.78 (0.45) | 2.08 (3.09) |
| 2004 | 197 | 98 | 0.18 (0.18) | 0.12–0.30 (0.10–0.27) | 0.89 (0.86) | 8.28 (7.47) | |
| 2009 | 254 | 99 | 0.22 (0.16) | 0.12–0.34 (0.10–0.25) | 0.79 (0.60) | 5.35 (3.23) | |
| 2013 | 204 | 99 | 0.21 (0.15) | 0.13–0.31 (0.10–0.24) | 0.63 (0.49) | 3.53 (2.06) | |
| 2017 | 195 | 99 | 0.16 (0.13) | 0.11–0.25 (0.09–0.20) | 0.53 (0.41) | 0.91 (1.20) | |
| TCPy | 2000 | 209 | 99 | 0.82 (0.59) | 0.48–1.40 (0.38–0.96) | 3.50 (2.38) | 12.2 (7.39) |
| 2004 | 197 | 99 | 0.84 (0.80) | 0.53–1.60 (0.48–1.47) | 4.01 (3.69) | 13.9 (10.1) | |
| 2009 | 254 | 100 | 1.41 (1.08) | 0.85–2.37 (0.68–1.80) | 5.21 (3.99) | 19.6 (11.4) | |
| 2013 | 204 | 100 | 1.11 (0.86) | 0.64–2.16 (0.51–1.60) | 5.23 (5.06) | 43.0 (37.6) | |
| 2017 | 195 | 99 | 0.92 (0.70) | 0.52–1.74 (0.46–1.36) | 6.54 (5.19) | 30.1 (16.6) | |
| CCC | 2000 | 196 | 100 | 2.98 (2.01) | 1.21–8.71 (0.75–6.64) | 139 (66.1) | 272 (405) |
| 2004 | 197 | 100 | 2.30 (2.09) | 1.05–6.88 (6.94–15.5) | 16.4 (15.5) | 40.9 (40.3) | |
| 2009 | 254 | 100 | 3.88 (2.77) | 1.28–12.1 (0.89–10.4) | 41.5 (30.6) | 132 (132) | |
| 2013 | 204 | 100 | 1.29 (0.98) | 0.59–4.25 (0.41–3.80) | 17.1 (16.2) | 32.5 (25.1) | |
| 2017 | 196 | 100 | 1.17 (0.86) | 0.40–3.66 (0.31–3.18) | 16.8 (13.6) | 49.0 (35.8) | |
| MQ | 2000 | 196 | 87 | 0.26 (0.16) | 0.04–0.97 (0.03–0.73) | 3.80 (2.94) | 11.2 (16.6) |
| 2004 | 197 | 96 | 0.64 (0.52) | 0.13–2.11 (0.12–2.01) | 6.18 (6.40) | 14.0 (19.1) | |
| 2009 | 254 | 97 | 0.53 (0.33) | 0.10–1.56 (0.08–1.21) | 6.19 (5.10) | 47.3 (42.8) | |
| 2013 | 204 | 95 | 0.21 (0.17) | 0.07–0.83 (0.05–0.72) | 3.75 (3.02) | 64.1 (62.5) | |
| 2017 | 196 | 96 | 0.37 (0.31) | 0.08–1.83 (0.07–1.50) | 7.58 (6.02) | 58.3 (30.1) | |
| OH-TBZ | 2000 | 209 | 98 | 0.05 (0.03) | 0.02–0.17 (0.01–0.09) | 1.99 (1.91) | 17.4 (13.7) |
| 2004 | 197 | 95 | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.01–0.08 (0.01–0.08) | 0.92 (0.80) | 87.1 (53.7) | |
| 2009 | 254 | 97 | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01–0.07 (0.00–0.06) | 1.60 (1.41) | 6.41 (5.20) | |
| 2013 | 204 | 92 | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.01–0.10 (0.00–0.09) | 1.83 (1.27) | 17.8 (21.1) | |
| 2017 | 195 | 94 | 0.01 (0.09) | 0.01–0.04 (0.00–0.03) | 0.40 (0.31) | 5.37 (4.51) | |
| OH-PYM | 2000 | 209 | 76 | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.01–0.07 (<LOD—0.05) | 0.42 (0.29) | 14.3 (8.67) |
| 2004 | 197 | 79 | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.01–0.07 (<LOD—0.07) | 0.96 (0.96) | 10.8 (6.84) | |
| 2009 | 254 | 88 | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.01–0.20 (0.00–0.15) | 1.47 (1.30) | 18.2 (22.9) | |
| 2013 | 204 | 93 | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.01–0.14 (0.01–0.11) | 1.63 (1.24) | 116 (98.2) | |
| 2017 | 195 | 99 | 0.09 (0.07) | 0.03–0.24 (0.03–0.21) | 18.0 (13.7) | 161 (136) | |
| OH-TEB | 2000 | 209 | 62 | 0.02 (0.01) | <LOD—0.04 (0.01–0.03) | 0.31 (0.22) | 1.98 (0.68) |
| 2004 | 197 | 76 | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.02–0.11 (0.02–0.09) | 0.78 (0.85) | 2.54 (2.39) | |
| 2009 | 254 | 93 | 0.08 (0.06) | 0.04–0.14 (0.03–0.10) | 0.38 (0.34) | 20.5 (12.0) | |
| 2013 | 204 | 93 | 0.09 (0.08) | 0.05–0.17 (0.04–0.14) | 0.90 (0.71) | 6.87 (3.66) | |
| 2017 | 195 | 94 | 0.12 (0.09) | 0.05–0.27 (0.04–0.22) | 1.03 (0.86) | 12.4 (14.7) | |
| ETU | 2000 | 149 | 99 | 0.29 (0.22) | 0.14–0.64 (0.10–0.45) | 1.68 (1.10) | 4.58 (4.40) |
| 2004 | 196 | 99 | 0.40 (0.38) | 0.22–0.77 (0.19–0.76) | 3.03 (2.87) | 5.89 (7–26) | |
| 2009 | 254 | 99 | 0.34 (0.26) | 0.16–0.68 (0.13–0.52) | 2.02 (1.54) | 20.0 (8.84) | |
| 2013 | 204 | 97 | 0.25 (0.22) | 0.12–0.69 (0.09–0.46) | 1.60 (1.26) | 3.02 (5.23) | |
| 2017 | 196 | 98 | 0.18 (0.15) | 0.08–0.39 (0.06–0.34) | 1.19 (1.02) | 7.30 (6.80) | |
| 2,4-D | 2000 | 209 | 65 | 0.12 (<LOD) | <LOD—0.20 (<LOD—0.14) | 0.69 (0.48) | 2.26 (2.14) |
| 2004 | 197 | 58 | 0.12 (0.11) | <LOD—0.21 (<LOD—0.20) | 0.44 (0.40) | 0.95 (0.82) | |
| 2009 | 254 | 58 | <LOD (<LOD) | <LOD—0.15 (<LOD—0.11) | 0.35 (0.24) | 2.05 (2.13) | |
| 2013 | 204 | 69 | 0.13 (0.10) | <LOD—0.22 (<LOD—0.17) | 0.43 (0.43) | 2.24 (0.39) | |
| 2017 | 195 | 39 | <LOD (<LOD) | <LOD—0.14 (<LOD—0.11) | 0.37 (0.29) | 1.64 (1.28) | |
| MCPA | 2000 | 209 | 72 | 0.03 (0.02) | <LOD—0.05 (<LOD—0.03) | 0.12 (0.11) | 1.06 (0.56) |
| 2004 | 197 | 73 | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.02–0.05 (0.02–0.05) | 0.17 (0.14) | 0.90 (0.75) | |
| 2009 | 254 | 69 | 0.02 (0.02) | <LOD—0.04 (<LOD—0.03) | 0.14 (0.11) | 0.41 (0.40) | |
| 2013 | 204 | 66 | 0.02 (0.02) | <LOD—0.05 (<LOD—0.04) | 0.16 (0.13) | 0.63 (0.67) | |
| 2017 | 195 | 55 | 0.02 (0.01) | <LOD—0.03 (<LOD—0.02) | 0.10 (0.07) | 1.78 (1.22) |
Nonparametric estimates of density-adjusted concentrations in urine samples (µg/L). Creatinine adjusted concentrations are presented in brackets (µg/g creatinine). Detection frequency is reported as percent above limit of detection.