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. 2019 Sep 19;42(12):1905–1915. doi: 10.1038/s41440-019-0326-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data for mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress-related biomarkers. qPCR results for the inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress-related biomarkers are shown. GAPDH was used as an internal standard, and the relative amounts of target-mRNA are expressed as a percentage of the GAPDH mRNA level. NLRP3, NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3; caspase-1, interleukin 1β-converting enzyme (ICE); ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain; IL, interleukin; MCP1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted; NOX, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; CuZn-SOD, intracellular superoxide dismutase; Mn-SOD, mitochondrial SOD. SCs, sham controls (n = 4); UCs, uninephrectomized controls (n = 4); ETs, empagliflozin-treated rats (n = 5). *P < 0.05 vs. SCs; ^#P < 0.05 vs^. UCs by the Mann–Whitney U test