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. 2021 Feb 10;14(3):743–750. doi: 10.1038/s41385-021-00376-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a–c Epidermal sheets were exposed to HIV-1 (YU2B or 92BR030) or semen-opsonized HIV-1 (YU2B or 92BR030). a, b Harvested, stained with antibodies against CD1a, CD207, and p24 and analyzed by flow cytometry. a Representative flow cytometry plots of one donor. The percentage of CD1a positive cells is 96.4% and depicted in the upper-right corner of the dot plot, the percentage of infected cells is depicted in the dot plot. b Levels of infection were calculated relative to the percentage of infection and set at 1 in cells exposed to semen-opsonized HIV-1. c Harvested, extensively washed and co-cultured with U87 cells. Transmission was determined by antibody staining against p24 and analyzed by flow cytometry. Levels of transmission were calculated relative to the percentage of infection in U87 cells and set at 1 in cells exposed to semen-opsonized HIV-1. Error bars are the mean ± SD of b n = 4 donors (YU2B) measured in duplicate. With absolute values of p24% for UI: 0.99; 0.31; 0.65; 0.33, for HIV-1: 2.51; 20.45; 7.41; 2.99, and for semen-opsonized HIV-1: 15.55; 41.7; 11.05; 4.47. ****p < 0.0001 by ordinary one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test (multiple comparisons). c n = 3 donors (92BR030) and n = 3 donors (YU2B) measured in duplicate. With absolute values of p24% (92BR030) for UI: 0.02; 0.04; 0.07, for HIV-1: 1.49; 2.35; 0.58, and for semen-opsonized HIV-1: 2.53; 11.81; 5.85. With absolute values of p24% (YU2B) for UI: 0.18; 0.05; 0.03, for HIV-1: 2.07; 2.38; 8.72, and for semen-opsonized HIV-1: 7.89; 8.34; 16.0. ****p < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test (multiple comparisons).