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. 2021 Mar 5;14(3):691–702. doi: 10.1038/s41385-021-00380-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A Paraffin-embedded colon sections from UC patients (UC) and healthy controls (healthy) were immunolabeled with antibodies to plectin (red), keratin 8 (K8; green), and mucin 2 (Muc2; magenta). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst (blue). Arrows, apical IEC membrane; arrowheads, basal IEC membrane. Scale bar, 40 μm. B Relative plectin mRNA levels in rectum biopsies collected from healthy controls and patients with active UC. Scattered boxplots show individual data points, median, 25th, and 75th percentile with whiskers reaching the last data point. The numbers of included participants per cohort are indicated in the graph. C Relative plectin mRNA expression in rectum biopsies collected from UC patients clustered based on inflammation scored in H&E-stained rectum sections. Scattered boxplots show individual data points, median, 25th, and 75th percentile with whiskers reaching the last data point. The numbers of included participants per cohort are indicated in the graph. D Bodyweight of Ple^fl/fl and Ple^ΔIEC mice was monitored for 25 weeks, n = 7. E Representative images of the rectum of 30-week-old Ple^fl/fl and Ple^ΔIEC mice. Kaplan–Meier graph shows age-related rectal prolapse incidence. F Intestinal transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measured ex vivo in both proximal and distal colons of 12-week-old Ple^fl/fl and Ple^ΔIEC mice, n = 4. G In vivo permeability of mucosa of Ple^fl/fl and Ple^ΔIEC mice (at the age indicated) measured by monitoring 40-kDa FITC-dextran levels in plasma 4 h after orogastric gavage, n = 3–7. H Representative image of Ple^ΔIEC colon section from 30-week-old Ple^ΔIEC mouse stained with H&E. Arrows, bacterial patches in the mucosa. Scale bar, 50 μm. I In vivo chemiluminescence images of 12-week-old Ple^ΔIEC and Ple^fl/fl mice injected with myeloperoxidase (MPO) inflammation probe. J MPO activity (a marker of neutrophil infiltration) measured in colon lysates from 12-week-old Ple^ΔIEC and Ple^fl/fl mice, n = 3. K, L Inflammation extent (percentage) (K) and the number of lymphatic follicles (L) assessed from H&E-stained sections of 12-week-old Ple^fl/fl and Ple^ΔIEC colons, n = 4. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n.s. not significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ^†P < 0.001.