Table 2.
Mechanical properties of trabecular (vertebral compression) and cortical (three-point bending) bone from GHS rats fed KCl, KCit, KCl+CTD or KCit+CTD.
| KCl | KCit | KCl+CTD | KCit+CTD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vertebral compression | ||||
| Structural Properties | ||||
| Ultimate load (N) | 185.9±34.1 | 225.6±34.4 | 269.5±40.6a | 227.5±43.8 |
| Failure load (N) | 169.1±44.2 | 216.2±43.2 | 262.9±38.2a | 219.6±52.3 |
| Energy to fail (mJ) | 28.5±16.8 | 44.5±17.1 | 62.8±17.7a | 46.9±18.0 |
| Failure displacement (mm) | 0.45±0.21 | 0.49±0.22 | 0.57±0.20 | 0.58±0.26 |
| Stiffness (N/mm) | 744.0±417.4 | 685.6±219.1 | 686.6±123.3 | 634.9±129.7 |
| Material Properties | ||||
| Ultimate stress (MPa) | 33.6±6.8 | 41.9±6.5 | 51.9±11.9a | 38.7±8.5b |
| Failure stress (MPa) | 30.5±8.4 | 40.1±7.9 | 50.7±11.6a | 37.2±9.6b |
| Failure strain (%) | 9.8±4.1 | 10.0±4.5 | 11.9±4.2 | 12.0±4.8 |
| Toughness (mJ/mm3) | 0.7±0.4 | 1.4±0.6 | 2.1±0.8a | 1.2±0.6b |
| Young’s Modulus (MPa) | 614.6±364.6 | 598.4±140.5 | 626.0±145.3 | 512.6±112.4 |
| Three-point bending | ||||
| Structural Properties | ||||
| Failure Displacement (mm) | 0.44±0.07 | 0.57±0.10a | 0.57±0.12 | 0.57±0.14 |
| Failure Load (N) | 152.1±5.0 | 144.8±15.2 | 155.0±14.9 | 144.5±11.7 |
| Energy to fail (N) | 49.2±10.3 | 45.7±15.2 | 47.1±14.5 | 43.4±15.4 |
| Stiffness (N/mm) | 450.8±47.3 | 496.0±49.2 | 513.9±46.4a | 480.5±40.8 |
| Material Properties | ||||
| Failure Stress (MPa) | 89.1±6.0 | 85.5±9.6 | 88.1±16.8 | 85.4±7.8 |
| Failure Strain (%) | 4.9±0.7 | 6.3±1.1a | 6.4±1.4a | 6.2±1.5 |
| Toughness (mJ/mm3) | 317.1±67.7 | 300.0±106.0 | 303.7±123.7 | 280.3±101.2 |
| Young’s Modulus (MPa) | 2395.5±244.2 | 2660.5±216.6 | 2602.5±430.1 | 2606.1±291.5 |
Results are mean ± SD for 9-10 rats/group.
a
p <0.05 vs KCl alone
b
p<0.05 vs KCl+CTD.