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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2021 Feb 18;180:107404. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107404

Figure 7. Model of how increased levels of baseline protein degradation in the amygdala may be sufficient for females to acquire fear memories.

Figure 7.

At rest females have higher levels of DNA 5-hydroxymethylation (5hmc) of the Uba52 promoter than males. This leads to increased expression of Uba52, which results in greater free and conjugated ubiquitin levels in the female amygdala. This elevated state of ubiquitination causes a reciprocal increase in proteasome activity, resulting in levels of protein degradation typically seen in males only after fear conditioning.