Table 2.
Standardized parameter estimates from the fit of the MIMIC model
| Sub-model | Latent atherosclerotic factor | Parameter | Estimated value | 95 % CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement model | Arterial stiffness | baPWV (left) | 0.98 | 0.97, 1.00 |
| (right half of Fig. 1) | baPWV (right) | 0.97 | 0.96, 0.98 | |
| AI | 0.11 | 0.07, 0.14 | ||
| cSBP | 0.42 | 0.37, 0.46 | ||
| Calcification | Thoracic aorta | 0.48 | 0.44, 0.51 | |
| Abdominal aorta | 0.84 | 0.80, 0.89 | ||
| Plaque | CCA IMT (left) | 0.39 | 0.34, 0.44 | |
| CCA IMT (right) | 0.43 | 0.38, 0.47 | ||
| ICA IMT (left) | 0.64 | 0.60, 0.68 | ||
| ICA IMT (right) | 0.67 | 0.63, 0.71 | ||
| ABI (left) | −0.21 | −0.27, −0.15 | ||
| ABI (right) | −0.24 | −0.29, −0.18 | ||
| UT (left) | 0.40 | 0.35, 0.46 | ||
| UT (right) | 0.42 | 0.37, 0.47 | ||
| Arterial stiffness with Calcification | Correlation coefficient | 0.24 | 0.20, 0.29 | |
| Arterial Stiffness with Plaque | 0.08 | 0.03, 0.13 | ||
| Calcification with Plaque | 0.65 | 0.59, 0.71 | ||
| Other components | Direct effect of sex on AI | 0.78 | 0.72, 0.83 | |
| Indicator correlations | ||||
| cSBP and AI | 0.47 | 0.43, 0.50 | ||
| CCA IMT (left and right) | 0.30 | 0.23, 0.37 | ||
| ABI (left and right) | 0.66 | 0.63, 0.70 | ||
| UT (left and right) | 0.80 | 0.77, 0.83 | ||
| Structural model | Arterial Stiffness (R2 = 0.21) | Radiation dose (per Gy) | 0.036 | −0.025, 0.095 |
| (left half of Fig. 1) | 1 year of age (linear) | 0.074 | 0.069, 0.079 | |
| City a | 0.017 | −0.067, 0.11 | ||
| Distal indicator | −0.094 | −0.18, −0.008 | ||
| City-distal interaction | 0.17 | 0.024, 0.31 | ||
| Calcification (R2 = 0.27) | Radiation dose (per Gy) | 0.15 | 0.070, 0.23 | |
| 1 year of age (linear) | 0.062 | 0.054, 0.069 | ||
| (quadratic) | 0.001 | 0.001, 0.002 | ||
| Female | 0.19 | 0.091, 0.29 | ||
| City a | −0.18 | −0.27, −0.090 | ||
| Distal indicator | 0.11 | −0.007, 0.23 | ||
| City-distal interaction | −0.085 | −0.26, 0.090 | ||
| Smoking (current) | 0.47 | 0.36, 0.58 | ||
| (past) | 0.54 | 0.38, 0.68 | ||
| Plaque (R2 = 0.28) | Radiation dose (per Gy) | 0.11 | 0.029, 0.20 | |
| 1 year of age (linear) | 0.057 | 0.050, 0.064 | ||
| Citya | −0.50 | −0.58, −0.41 | ||
| Distal indicator | 0.083 | −0.048, 0.22 | ||
| City-distal interaction | −0.003 | −0.18, 0.17 | ||
| Smoking (current) | 0.48 | 0.39, 0.57 | ||
| (Past) | 0.63 | 0.48, 0.79 |
Each parameter corresponds to each path or correlation (unidirectional or bidirectional arrow) in Fig. 1
Standardized to SDs of latent factors and indicators, but not covariates
ABI, ankle-brachial index; AI, augmentation index; cSBP, central systolic blood pressure; CCA, common carotid arteries; ICA, bifurcation to internal carotid arteries; IMT, intima-media thickness; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; UT, upstroke time
aCity effects are effects in Nagasaki (with Hiroshima as the reference group)