Table 5.
Radiation ERRs/Gy and relative risks of potential mediators on mortality among individuals exposed to atomic bomb radiation in utero
| Solid cancer deaths | Noncancer disease deaths | External causes of death | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| All attained age | ||||||
|
ERR/Gy (95% CI) Not adjusted for potential mediatorsa |
− 0.18 (< − 0.77–0.95) | 2.24 (0.44–5.58) | 1.22 (0.10–3.14) | 2.86 (0.56–7.64) | 0.28 (< − 0.60–2.36) | 2.57 (0.20–9.19) |
|
ERR/Gy (95% CI) Adjusted for potential mediatorsb |
− 0.07 (< − 0.82–1.37) | 2.51 (0.53–6.28) | 0.39 (< − 0.43–1.91) | 1.48 (− 0.046–4.55) | 0.10 (< − 0.57–1.96) | 1.38 (< − 0.46–5.95) |
| Changes in ERRs (%) | + 61% | + 12% | − 68% | − 48% | − 64% | − 46% |
| Relative risk (95% CI)b | ||||||
| Low birth weight to normal birth weight | 0.86 (0.44–1.66) | 1.96 (1.18–3.25) | 1.89 (0.84–4.22) | |||
| Small head size to normal head size | 0.61 (0.08–4.74) | 0.76 (0.10–5.62) | 2.16 (0.85–5.40) | 3.02 (1.00–9.10) | 2.33 (0.48–11.40) | 3.81 (0.81–17.88) |
| Loss of father to father alive | 0.74 (0.45–1.22) | 1.51 (0.99–2.31) | 1.14 (0.58–2.26) | |||
| Loss of mother to mother alive | 1.21 (0.57–2.57) | 1.67 (0.89–3.16) | 2.54 (1.03–6.24) | |||
| Attained age ≥ 20 years old | ||||||
|
ERR/Gy (95% CI) Not adjusted for potential mediatorsa |
− 0.18 (< − 0.77–0.94) | 1.84 (0.18–4.98) | 0.98 (− 0.09–2.98) | 2.23 (0.078–7.13) | 0.28 (< − 0.62–2.44) | 2.75 (< − 0.45–10.52) |
|
ERR/Gy (95% CI) Adjusted for potential mediatorsb |
− 0.08 (< − 0.82–1.36) | 2.10 (0.26–5.61) | 0.52 (< − 0.44–2.34) | 0.94 (− 0.56–4.33) | 0.05 (< − 0.63–1.92) | 1.59 (< − 0.56–7.20) |
| Changes in ERRs (%) | + 58% | + 14% | − 47% | − 58% | − 82% | − 42% |
| Relative risk (95% CI)b | ||||||
| Low birth weight to normal birth weight | 0.78 (0.39–1.56) | 1.73 (0.98–3.05) | 2.09 (0.92–4.75) | |||
| Small head size to normal head size | 0.62 (0.08–4.48) | 0.83 (0.11–6.10) | 1.43 (0.45–4.57) | 4.13 (1.35–12.67) | 2.25 (0.52–12.50) | 5.56 (1.13–27.48) |
| Loss of father to father alive | 0.75 (0.45–1.24) | 1.45 (0.91–2.31) | 1.07 (0.50–2.28) | |||
| Loss of mother to mother alive | 1.23 (0.58–2.60) | 1.54 (0.75–3.18) | 2.62 (0.94–7.33) | |||
aERR/Gy was estimated based on the basic model, described as λ = λ0(c, s, c*nic, a, cs, t) * [1 + ERR(d)]
bERR/Gy and relative risk at 1 Gy were estimated based on the full model, described as λ = λ0 (c, s, c*nic, a, cs, t, w, s*h, fs, ms) * [1 + ERR(d)]
λ: expected mortality rate, λ0: background rate, c: city, s: sex, nic: not in city at the time of atomic bombings, a: attained age, cs: cohort sources, t: trimester, w: birth weight, h: head size, fs: father’s survival status, and ms: mother’s survival status