. 2021 Apr 26;11:8885. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88299-0

Table 4.

Microbial counts (Log₁₀ cfu/g) in the digesta of chickens supplemented with probiotics and challenged with Pasteurella multocida.

Content	Treatment							P-value
Content	NC−	PC−	Pro−	Pro+	PC+	NC+	SEM	P-value
Day 21
Gizzard
Total aerobes	8.45^ab	6.87^c	8.53^ab	9.39^a	7.91^bc	8.47^ab	0.345	0.008
Enterobacteria	4.80^ab	4.74^ab	3.54^b	3.54^b	5.19^a	5.30^a	0.329	0.017
LAB	7.55^a	7.37^a	8.11^a	8.48^a	7.39^a	7.91^a	0.181	0.205
Yeast	6.48^a	6.73^a	6.65^a	6.66^a	5.70^b	5.60^b	0.210	0.018
P. multocida	0.00^b	0.00^b	0.00^b	0.50^b	5.54^a	5.20^a	1.109	0.001
Ileum
Total aerobes	8.78^a	7.77^a	9.06^a	8.95^a	8.35^a	8.46^a	0.194	0.402
Enterobacteria	5.64^a	5.73^a	3.99^b	3.48^b	5.40^a	5.86^a	0.379	0.020
LAB	8.25^ab	7.75^b	9.35^a	9.11^ab	7.87^ab	8.07^ab	0.273	0.015
Yeast	7.66^a	8.22^a	8.85^a	8.41^a	7.87^a	7.90^a	0.177	0.082
P. multocida	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.00^c	2.54^b	5.85^a	5.87^a	1.172	0.000
Caecum
Total aerobes	9.55^a	9.00^a	9.67^a	9.08^a	8.69^a	9.09^a	0.149	0.087
Enterobacteria	5.84^a	6.29^a	3.06^b	3.33^b	6.22^a	6.51^a	0.438	0.017
LAB	8.54^b	8.99^ab	9.69^a	9.28^ab	8.65^b	8.59^b	0.187	0.014
Yeast	8.54^c	8.99^bc	9.68^a	9.26^ab	7.15^d	7.61^d	0.403	0.001
P. multocida	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.00^c	3.65^b	6.86^a	6.40^a	1.338	0.010
Day 28
Gizzard
Total aerobes	8.34^ab	7.37^b	9.45^a	9.44^a	8.22^ab	9.20^a	0.341	0.041
Enterobacteria	4.80^b	4.89^b	3.03^c	2.98^c	5.45^ab	5.92^a	0.415	0.025
LAB	8.45^bc	7.83^c	8.93^b	9.96^a	7.77^c	8.36^bc	0.331	0.012
Yeast	7.26^a	7.13^a	7.29^a	7.00^a	6.00^a	7.20^a	0.201	0.218
P. multocida	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.00^c	1.50^b	4.65^a	4.74^a	0.941	0.013
Ileum
Total aerobes	8.26^ab	7.74^b	9.31^a	9.55^a	8.23^ab	8.75^ab	0.283	0.041
Enterobacteria	6.22^b	6.34^ab	2.41^c	3.06^c	6.60^ab	7.04^a	0.448	0.000
LAB	7.75^c	8.25^abc	9.35^a	9.14^ab	8.18^bc	8.20^bc	0.253	0.002
Yeast	8.22^b	7.69^b	9.47^a	8.23^b	7.15^b	7.69^b	0.324	0.040
P. multocida	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.00^C	2.65^b	6.72^a	7.01^a	1.126	0.001
Caecum
Total aerobes	9.35^b	9.00^c	9.89^a	9.67^a	9.10^c	8.62^d	0.193	0.042
Enterobacteria	6.81^ab	6.17^b	3.13^c	3.52^c	7.13^ab	7.81^a	0.514	0.007
LAB	8.54^b	8.48^b	9.84^a	9.69^a	8.92^b	8.47^b	0.254	0.039
Yeast	7.75^b	8.33^b	9.93^a	8.70^ab	7.61^a	7.75^a	0.359	0.043
P. multocida	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.00^c	3.28^b	6.53^a	6.62^a	1.332	0.006

Values are means of two replicates and standard errors of means. Within each variable, values with the same superscript letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test (P > 0.05).

NC−: unchallenged negative control; PC−: unchallenged positive control; Pro−: unchallenged probiotics control; Pro+: challenged probiotic control; PC+: challenged positive control; NC+: challenged negative control.