Table 2.
Differences in prevalence of drug use between the C19G and GPG according to Chemical Subgroup (ATC IV).
| ATC IV | Chemical subgroup | Prevalence of drug use (%) | Adjusted RR C19G/GPG (95%CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
| C19G | GPG | C19G | GPG | |||
| A02AD | Aluminium, calcium and magnesium | 4.6 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 1.10 (1.099–1.109) |
| A02BC | Proton pump inhibitors | 36.8 | 23.4 | 29.6 | 26.0 | 1.14 (1.136–1.140) |
| A02BX | Other drugs for peptic ulcers | 6.9 | 5.1 | 6.1 | 5.5 | 1.10 (1.098–1.106) |
| A07AA | Antibiotics | 7.2 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 1.03 (1.026–1.033) |
| A10BA | Biguanides | 6.9 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 1.09 (1.083–1.092) |
| A11CC | Vitamin D and analogues | 16.4 | 13.3 | 15.0 | 14.7 | 1.02 (1.016–1.021) |
| B01AB | Heparin group | 5.2 | 2.2 | 4.7 | 2.5 | 1.88 (1.874–1.895) |
| B01AC | Platelet-aggregation inhibitors | 17.2 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 9.4 | 1.29 (1.286–1.294) |
| B03BB | Folic acid and derivatives | 4.0 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 1.31 (1.303–1.316) |
| C03CA | Sulfonamides | 5.9 | 3.6 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 1.07 (1.063–1.072) |
| C07AB | β-blocking agents, selective | 14.8 | 9.3 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 0.99 (0.988–0.994) |
| C08CA | Dihydropyridine derivatives | 9.6 | 5.2 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 1.11 (1.105–1.113) |
| C09AA | ACE inhibitors | 8.8 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 0.91 (0.902–0.909) |
| C09BA | ACE inhibitors and diuretics | 5.0 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 0.97 (0.962–0.971) |
| C09CA | Angiotensin-II receptor blockers | 10.2 | 5.7 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 1.13 (1.129–1.137) |
| C09DA | Angiotensin-II receptor blockers and diuretics | 8.6 | 5.2 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 1.10 (1.099–1.107) |
| C10AA | HMG CoA reductase inhibitors | 17.0 | 11.5 | 12.1 | 13.1 | 0.92 (0.922–0.926) |
| H02AB | Glucocorticoids | 16.8 | 14.8 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 1.00 (1.001–1.006) |
| H03AA | Thyroid hormones | 4.2 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 1.05 (1.044–1.053) |
| J01CA | Penicillins with extended spectrum | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 0.83 (0.831–0.838) |
| J01CR | Combinations of penicillins | 22.8 | 21.3 | 21.2 | 21.8 | 0.97 (0.970–0.973) |
| J01DD | Third-generation cephalosporins | 16.8 | 13.4 | 15.5 | 14.1 | 1.10 (1.097–1.102) |
| J01FA | Macrolides | 14.2 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 12.9 | 1.07 (1.067–1.072) |
| J01MA | Fluoroquinolones | 14.6 | 10.1 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 1.09 (1.082–1.088) |
| J01XX | Other antibacterials | 5.6 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 1.11 (1.101–1.110) |
| J02AC | Antimycotic for systemic use | 3.1 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 1.17 (1.160–1.172) |
| M01AB | Acetic acid derivatives | 10.8 | 8.3 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 1.00 (0.994–1.000) |
| M01AE | Propionic acid derivatives | 12.3 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 11.7 | 0.92 (0.913–0.918) |
| M01AH | Coxibs | 4.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 0.94 (0.938–0.947) |
| M01AX | Other anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 4.0 | 4.3 | 3.0 | 4.7 | 0.63 (0.632–0.637) |
| M04AA | Preparations inhibiting uric acid | 5.9 | 2.7 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 1.29 (1.286–1.299) |
| N03AX | Other antiepileptics | 4.0 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 1.30 (1.294–1.308) |
| N06AB | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 0.86 (0.853–0.860) |
| N06AX | Other antidepressants | 3.8 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1.54 (1.531–1.550) |
| R03AK | Adrenergics in combination with corticosteroids | 5.9 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 1.06 (1.058–1.066) |
| R03BA | Glucocorticoids | 11.2 | 10.4 | 10.7 | 10.3 | 1.03 (1.030–1.036) |
| R03BB | Anticholinergics | 4.0 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 1.25 (1.241–1.256) |
| R06AE | Piperazine derivatives | 4.8 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 1.10 (1.093–1.101) |
| R06AX | Other antihistamines for systemic use | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 1.02 (1.016–1.023) |
C19G COVID-19 group; CI confidence interval; GPG general population group; RR, risk ratio.