. 2020 Aug 27;58(6):2313–2324. doi: 10.1007/s13197-020-04742-6

Table 1.

Color characteristics and physico-chemical properties of flours from different germinated cereals

Cereal	Time (hrs)	Protein (%)	Fat (%)	Ash (%)	Total starch (%)	L*	a*	b*	WAC (g/g)	WSI (%)	OAC (g/g)
Wheat	0	13.7^a ± 0.14	1.7^g ± 0.05	1.32^g ± 0.07	69.7^ab ± 1.23	85.42^c ± 0.30	1.84^g ± 0.06	11.35^fg ± 0.18	1.22^ef ± 0.02	6.44^a ± 0.08	2.23ⁱ ± 0.02
	24	13.2^b ± 0.10	1.4^h ± 0.02	1.25^h ± 0.08	62.4^ef ± 1.15	84.71^cd ± 0.24	1.86^g ± 0.05	11.72^e ± 0.05	1.18^gh ± 0.01	6.22^b ± 0.07	2.28^gh ± 0.05
	48	12.4^cd ± 0.08	1.1^hi ± 0.03	1.22^hi ± 0.05	55.1^hi ± 1.20	83.88^d ± 0.94	1.90^fg ± 0.02	12.84^b ± 0.08	1.11ⁱ ± 0.04	6.02^c ± 0.05	2.33^f ± 0.01
	72	11.5^f ± 0.12	0.9ⁱ ± 0.01	1.20^ij ± 0.09	51.2^j ± 1.28	81.25^e ± 0.15	1.97^ef ± 0.07	13.45^a ± 0.23	1.02^j ± 0.01	5.84^d ± 0.08	2.38^e ± 0.04
Barley	0	11.9^ef ± 0.13	2.44^f ± 0.04	1.37^f ± 0.07	65.2^c ± 1.45	88.85^a ± 0.67	1.1^j ± 0.12	8.42^m ± 0.14	1.27^cd ± 0.03	5.13^e ± 0.06	2.56^d ± 0.03
	24	10.8^g ± 0.07	2.40^f ± 0.01	1.32^g ± 0.06	63.1^de ± 1.57	88.75^ab ± 0.08	1.99^e ± 0.02	8.62^l ± 0.05	1.21^efg ± 0.02	4.92^f ± 0.05	2.61^c ± 0.04
	48	10.2^h ± 0.10	2.33^f ± 0.03	1.24^hi ± 0.03	61.4^f ± 1.38	88.27^ab ± 0.09	2.27^d ± 0.05	8.83^k ± 0.10	1.15^h ± 0.05	4.75^g ± 0.07	2.72^b ± 0.05
	72	9.6ⁱ ± 0.08	2.28^f ± 0.02	1.16^j ± 0.02	57.2^gh ± 1.45	87.47^b ± 0.65	2.62c ± 0.10	9.06^j ± 0.32	1.11ⁱ ± 0.02	4.57^h ± 0.12	2.77^a ± 0.02
Sorghum	0	10.8^g ± 0.12	3.81^d ± 0.04	1.46^e ± 0.06	71.7^a ± 2.20	80.88^ef ± 0.30	1.99^e ± 0.03	11.2^h ± 0.18	1.29^c ± 0.01	2.65^l ± 0.08	2.06^k ± 0.01
	24	9.7ⁱ ± 0.09	3.72^d ± 0.07	1.40^f ± 0.05	68.2^b ± 2.31	79.72^f ± 0.57	3.29^b ± 0.04	11.8^e ± 0.05	1.24^de ± 0.07	2.46^m ± 0.06	2.14^j ± 0.07
	48	8.8^j ± 0.13	3.55^de ± 0.05	1.32^g ± 0.10	65.3^cd ± 2.64	77.28^g ± 2.47	3.62^a ± 0.06	12.36^c ± 0.26	1.19^fgh ± 0.02	2.21ⁿ ± 0.04	2.23^hi ± 0.04
	72	8.1^k ± 0.11	3.39^e ± 0.02	1.25^h ± 0.07	61.6^ef ± 2.40	77.15^g ± 2.10	3.65^a ± 0.08	12.44^c ± 0.61	1.16^h ± 0.05	2.08^o ± 0.07	2.29^fg ± 0.02
Millets	0	12.8^bc ± 0.15	5.53^a ± 0.06	2.24^a ± 0.04	63.2^de ± 1.87	75.99^gh ± 0.74	1.48ⁱ ± 0.01	10.8ⁱ ± 0.17	1.49^a ± 0.02	3.67ⁱ ± 0.10	2.33^hi ± 0.05
	24	12.1^de ± 0.12	5.37^ab ± 0.04	2.19^b ± 0.08	60.8^f ± 2.15	75.10^hi ± 3.69	1.61^h ± 0.02	11.29^gh ± 0.63	1.38^b ± 0.03	3.38^j ± 0.05	2.40^e ± 0.02
	48	11.7^ef ± 0.13	5.13^b ± 0.03	2.12^c ± 0.05	58.5^g ± 1.94	74.0ⁱ ± 1.07	2.26^d ± 0.08	11.4^f ± 0.05	1.31^c ± 0.07	2.97^k ± 0.04	2.52^d ± 0.05
	72	10.6^g ± 0.08	4.76^c ± 0.05	2.02^d ± 0.09	54.9ⁱ ± 2.08	74.11ⁱ ± 0.46	2.27^d ± 0.04	12.08^d ± 0.19	1.23^def ± 0.03	2.08^o ± 0.06	2.57^cd ± 0.04

Mean ± SD with different superscripts in columns differ significantly (p < 0.05; n = 3)

WAC water absorption capacity, OAC oil absorption capacity