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. 2021 Apr 13;15:666146. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.666146

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Copyright © 2021 Holding, Ingre, Petrovic, Sundelin and Axelsson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Strooptest performance depending on time-of-day. (A) Represents performance measured by the probability of making a mistake on the test. (B) Represents performance measured by the standard deviation of the difference in RT (in ms) between a cI and a preceding cC trial (cognitive conflict). (C) Represents performance measured by the standard deviation of the difference in RT (in ms) between aiI and a preceding cI trial (behavioural adjustment). Dots represent fixed-effect estimates and error bars represent bootstrapped confidence intervals with 100 iterations. The dotted line between 22:30 h and 08:00 h represents the night of total sleep deprivation for the sleep-deprivation group. Note that normal sleep and sleep deprivation conditions show identical estimates since the effect of sleep deprivation was not included in the model.