Table 1.
Simple attention test performance predictions based on sleep condition and time-of-day in the final mixed-effects model.
| RT | Lapse | RTV | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed-effect predictors | Estimates | CI | p | Odds ratios | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p |
| (Intercept) | 490.08 | 464.91–515.25 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.01–0.02 | <0.001 | 128.49 | 98.65–158.33 | <0.001 |
| Presentation order | 0.39 | 0.13–0.64 | <0.01 | ||||||
| TSD condition at baseline (22:30) | −21.08 | −55.49–13.33 | 0.23 | 0.46 | 0.24–0.89 | 0.02 | −30.87 | −72.04–10.31 | 0.14 |
| Session 1 (08:00) | −1.31 | −20.35–17.73 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.60–1.40 | 0.69 | 52.34 | 25.07–79.62 | <0.001 |
| Session 2 (12:30) | −12.13 | −31.17–6.92 | 0.21 | 0.81 | 0.53–1.24 | 0.33 | −15.68 | −42.95–11.58 | 0.26 |
| Session 3 (16:30) | 10.67 | −8.25–29.59 | 0.27 | 0.96 | 0.63–1.47 | 0.87 | −19.30 | −46.30–7.71 | 0.16 |
| TSD | 52.11 | 22.18–82.04 | <0.01 | 2.28 | 1.51–3.45 | <0.001 | 74.71 | 34.14–115.28 | <0.001 |
| TSD:Session 1 [TSD effect compared to session 3] | −87.67 | −125.03 to −50.31 | <0.001 | ||||||
| TSD:Session 2 [TSD effect compared to session 3] | −39.53 | −76.82 to −2.25 | 0.04 | ||||||
| Observations | 18,971 | ||||||||
| Marginal R2 | 0.02 | 0.004 | |||||||
Note: RT, response time in milliseconds; RTV, response time variation as measured by the standard deviation of the response time in milliseconds; CI, 95% confidence interval; TSD, total sleep deprivation; Marginal R2 represents the variance explained by the fixed-effects predictors (Nakagawa et al., 2017). A lapse was defined as responses taking at least 1,000 ms. Presentation order represents the order a given trial was within the test. All rows representing categorical variables report the effect compared to a reference level. The reference level for session was the baseline session (22:30) therefore all other effect estimates for different levels of session compare to performance at 22:30. The reference level for TSD was the normal sleep group. For models including an interaction between TSD and session, the effect estimate for TSD refers to the effect of TSD on performance at session 3. Interactions between TSD and session therefore refer to differences in the effect of TSD between the stated session (i.e., 1 or 2) and session 3.