Table 1.

Repurposed drugs with their year of introduction and status in TB treatment.

Name of drug	Year of introduction	Status of the drug	Properties and efficacy against TB
Clofazimine	In 1969 for the treatment of leprosy	Approved	Reduces the treatment length for drug-resistant TB and displays immuno-modulatory properties
Statins	In 1959 for cardiovascular diseases	Phase 2 clinical trials	Anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory
NSAIDs	In 1969 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis	Phase 3 clinical trials	Anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory
Fluoroquinolones	In 1962 for the treatment of bacterial infection	Approved f	By inhibiting the replication and transcription of bacterial DNA
Linezolid	In 1990s for vancomycin- resistant Enterococcus faecium infections	Approved	Acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor
Verapamil	In 1968 for treating blood pressure	Phase 2 clinical trial	Calcium efflux blocker, which reduces the duration of TB therapy.
Metformin	In 1922 to treat diabetes	Phase 2b clinical trial	Immunomodulatory
Amoxicillin/clavul anic acid	In 1974 for treatment of bacterial infections	Phase 2 clinical trial	Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis
Carbapenems	In 1976 to inhibit beta lactamase enzyme	Phase 2 clinical trials	Target the cell wall of M.tb bacteria
Sulphonamides and their derivatives	In 1956 against gram positive and gram negative bacteria	Approved	Used as combination therapy against drug resistant TB