Fig. 1.

Characterization of ECHs. (A) Schematic of ECH formation and chemical structure. TA crosslinks with PPy chains by intermolecular electrostatic interactions and Fe3+ acts as an oxidant and ionic crosslinker. (B) SEM image of the ECH. (C) A photograph of dressing film plastered on the finger showed the adhesive properties of the ECH. (D) Illustrations and photographs showed self-curling ECH warped a size-matched tubular structure. (E–G) Electrical characterization, including (E) cyclic voltammograms, (F) Nyquist curves, and (G) Bode plots of ECH hydrogels showed excellent electrical performance. (H) The mechanistic properties of ECHs.