Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable analyses of factors associated with clinical worsening for the cohort of Covidom patients with a positive RT-PCR (n = 7320)
| Univariable OR (95% CI) | Multivariable OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| General characteristics | ||
| Female (ref) | 0.43 (0.37−0.51) | 1 (1−1) |
| Male | 2.32 (1.97−2.72) | 2.08 (1.74−2.50) |
| High risk profile | 2.55 (2.17−3.00) | 1.56 (1.29−1.90) |
| Mode of inclusion | ||
| EMS | 0.99 (0.82−1.19) | 2.39 (1.88−3.03) |
| GP (ref) | 0.46 (0.40−0.55) | 1 (1−1) |
| Hospital | 3.18 (2.66−3.80) | 0.98 (0.79−1.22) |
| Socio-economic indicators | ||
| Lowest income districts (Q1) | 1.25 (1.06−1.48) | 1.16 (0.95−1.42) |
| Median income districts (Q2–Q3, ref) | 0.79 (0.67−0.93) | 1 (1−1) |
| Highest income districts (Q4) | 1.05 (0.87−1.27) | 1.07 (0.85−1.34) |
| Risk factors | ||
| 18 ≤ Age ≤ 45 years (ref) | 0.42 (0.35−0.49) | 1 (1−1) |
| 45 < Age ≤ 65 years | 1.48 (1.26−1.73) | 1.46 (1.20−1.78) |
| Age > 65 years | 4.42 (3.48−5.63) | 4.05 (2.94−5.58) |
| Normal weight (BMI ≤25 kg/m2, ref) | 0.51 (0.43−0.61) | 1 (1−1) |
| Overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) | 1.45 (1.22−1.71) | 1.39 (1.13−1.71) |
| Obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2) | 1.53 (1.28−1.83) | 1.57 (1.25−1.97) |
| Current tobacco use | 0.48 (0.34−0.67) | 0.67 (0.47−0.95) |
| Main co-morbidities | ||
| Asthma | 1.32 (1.04−1.67) | 0.96 (0.74−1.24) |
| Hypertension | 1.76 (1.44−2.16) | 0.77 (0.61−0.99) |
| Diabetes | 2.49 (1.91−3.25) | 1.20 (0.88−1.64) |
| Heart failure | 2.10 (1.29−3.42) | 0.73 (0.41−1.30) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1.47 (0.78−2.79) | 0.64 (0.32−1.28) |
| Coronary artery disease | 2.08 (1.14−3.79) | 1.18 (0.61−2.30) |
| Cancer under treatment | 2.87 (1.74−4.74) | 2.11 (1.20−3.72) |
| Chronic renal disease | 4.51 (2.65−7.67) | 2.59 (1.42−4.73) |
| Symptoms | ||
| General | ||
| Temperature ≥38.5°C | 1.97 (1.66−2.35) | 1.31 (1.07−1.60) |
| Fatigue, shivers, or myalgia | 1.22 (0.87−1.72) | 0.69 (0.47−1.02) |
| Respiratory | ||
| Cough | 1.55 (1.29−1.86) | 1.05 (0.85−1.29) |
| Shortness of breath | 2.35 (1.99−2.79) | 2.21 (1.81−2.70) |
| Chest pain | 1.50 (1.25−1.79) | 1.19 (0.96−1.46) |
| Chest oppression | 1.26 (1.05−1.51) | 1.03 (0.83−1.28) |
| Gastrointestinal | ||
| Anorexia | 1.68 (1.43−1.98) | 1.43 (1.17−1.75) |
| Nausea/vomiting | 1.41 (1.18−1.68) | 1.18 (0.96−1.46) |
| Diarrhoea | 1.57 (1.33−1.84) | 1.15 (0.95−1.39) |
| Neurological symptoms | ||
| Anosmia or ageusia | 0.63 (0.54−0.74) | 0.69 (0.57−0.84) |
| Cutaneous symptoms | ||
| Rash | 1.04 (0.80−1.36) | 1.05 (0.78−1.40) |
| Chilblains | 1.35 (0.78−2.32) | 1.02 (0.55−1.86) |
| Conjunctivitis | 0.88 (0.64−1.22) | 0.81 (0.58−1.15) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; EMS, emergency medical service; GP, general practitioner; OR, odds ratio.