Table 2.

Mean level of coverage by type of health insurance in 36 SSA countries

Country	Survey year	Total N	% coverage with any insurance (95% CI)	% coverage with national (public) health insurance (95 % CI)	% coverage with private or employer health insurance (95 % CI)	% coverage with community-based health insurance (CBHI) (95 % CI)
Rwanda	2014	12 699	78.7 (77.5 to 79.9)	5.0 (4.5 to 5.6)	0.7 (0.5 to 1.0)	76.4 (75.2 to 77.6)*
Ghana	2014	13 780	58.2 (56.2 to 60.1)	57.7 (56.9 to 58.5)	0.8 (0.7 to 1.0)	0.1 (0.0 to 0.1)
Gabon	2012	14 043	40.8 (38.20 to 43.5)	–	–	–
Burundi	2017	24 821	22.0 (20.7 to 23.2)	–	16.4 (15.9 to 16.9)	5.2 (5.0 to 5.5)
Kenya	2014	27 548	19.9 (18.7 to 21.1)	15.9 (15.5 to 16.3)	4.1 (3.8 to 4.4)	0.3 (0.2 to 0.4)
Namibia	2013	14 492	18.8 (17.1 to 20.6)	5.0 (4.7 to 5.4)	14.0 (13.5 to 14.6)	–
South Africa	2016	7811	14.9 (12.9 to 17.1)	–	–	–
Zimbabwe	2015	18 351	11.6 (10.1 to 13.3)	0.3 (0.2 to 0.3)	10.2 (9.7 to 10.6)	1.0 (0.82 to 1.1)
Tanzania	2015	16 778	9.2 (8.2 to 10.2)	1.6 (1.4 to 1.8)	3.1 (2.9 to 3.4)	4.5 (4.1 to 4.8)
Senegal	2010	20 615	6.9 (5.9 to 8.0)	0.6 (0.5 to 0.7)	2.0 (1.8 to 2.2)	1.6 (1.6 to 1.9)
Eswatini	2006	9131	6.2 (5.4 to 7.2)	–	2.4 (2.1 to 2.7)	–
Ethiopia	2016	28 371	5.9 (4.7 to 7.2)	0.8 (0.7 to 0.9)	0.6 (0.5 to 0.7)	4.5 (4.2 to 4.7)
Angola	2016	20 063	5.8 (5.1 to 6.6)	–	–	–
Togo	2013	13 951	5.8 (4.1 to 6.6)	0.2 (0.1 to 0.3)	1.5 (1.3 to 1.7)	0.4 (0.3 to 0.5)
Mali	2018	15 137	5.6 (4.5 to 6.8)	1.6 (1.2 to 2.2)	1.8 (1.3 to 2.3)	2.6 (2.1 to 3.1)
Liberia	2013	13 340	5.3 (4.1 to 7.0)	1.7 (1.2 to 2.3)	4.6 (4.3 to 5.0)	1.3 (0.8 to 1.9)
Comoros	2012	7485	5.3 (4.4 to 6.4)	0.4 (0.1 to 0.8)	2.6 (2.2 to 2.9)	2.5 (2.0 to 3.0)
Congo Democratic Republic	2013	27 465	5.0 (4.2 to 5.9)	0.04 (0.02 to 0.1)	3.7 (3.5 to 3.9)	1.2 (1.1 to 1.3)
Cote d'Ivoire	2011	15 165	4.6 (3.6 to 5.8)	1.7 (1.1 to 2.3)	2.2 (1.9 to 2.4)	3.6 (3.0 to 4.3)
Madagascar	2008	17 085	3.8 (3.2 to 4.6)	1.2 (0.7 to 1.7)	2.9 (2.6 to 3.1)	1.9 (1.4 to 2.4)
Congo	2011	15 955	3.3 (2.8 to 3.9)	0.3 (0.2 to 0.5)	2.1 (1.9 to 2.3)	1.1 (0.9 to 1.3)
Cameroon	2018	20 505	3.2 (2.8 to 3.7)	0.6 (0.5 to 0.8)	2.1 (1.9 to 2.3)	0.5 (0.4 to 0.8)
Mozambique	2011	17 780	2.7 (2.4 to 3.1)	–	–	–
Gambia	2013	14 030	2.62 (2.2 to 3.2)	–	2.5 (2.2 to 2.7)	–
Zambia	2018	25 815	2.54 (2.06 to 3.13)	0.03 (0.01 to 0.06)	2.13 (1.95 to 2.31)	0.2 (0.2 to 0.3)
Nigeria	2018	56 155	2.3 (2.0 to 2.7)	0.6 (0.5 to 0.8)	1.9 (1.8 to 2.0)	0.86 (0.7 to 1.1)
Sao Tome and Principe	2008	4898	2.2 (1.7 to 2.7)	0.7 (0.2 to 1.2)	1.1 (0.8 to 1.4)	0.9 (0.4 to 1.5)
Lesotho	2014	9552	2.09 (1.70 to 2.56)	–	1.4 (1.2 to 1.7)	0.4 (0.2 to 0.5)
Niger	2012	15 074	2.03 (1.68 to 2.5)	2.1 (1.4 to 2.7)	1.1 (0.9 to 1.2)	2.2 (1.6 to 2.9)
Malawi	2016	32 040	1.8 (1.3 to 2.6)	–	1.8 (1.7 to 1.9)	–
Guinea	2018	14 991	1.6 (1.21 to 2.2)	0.2 (0.1 to 0.2)	1.3 (1.2 to 1.5)	0.1 (0.1 to 0.2)
Uganda	2016	23 842	1.5 (1.3 to 1.8)	0.0 (0.0 to 0.1)	1.1 (0.9 to 1.2)	0.4 (0.3 to 0.5)
Sierra Leone	2013	23 887	1.5 (1.1 to 1.9)	0.5 (0.3 to 0.7)	0.9 (0.7 to 1.0)	0.6 (0.4 to 0.8)
Chad	2015	11 380	1.2 (0.9 to 1.6)	0.1 (0.0 to 0.2)	0.7 (0.6 to 0.9)	0.4 (0.2 to 0.7)
Benin	2018	23 523	1.2 (0.1 to 1.4)	0.1 (0.1 to 0.2)	0.8 (0.7 to 0.9)	0.2 (0.2 to 0.3)
Burkina Faso	2010	24 382	0.9 (0.7 to 1.1)	0.6 (0.3 to 0.9)	0.4 (0.3 to 0.4)	0.9 (0.5 to 1.0)
Total†		637 752	7.9 (7.8 to 7.9)	–	–	–

– means data are not available.

*Rwanda’s CBHI is now managed by the national government rather than local communities and is more suitably classified as a national public health insurance scheme rather than a CBHI.

†Pooled data.

SSA, sub-Saharan Africa.