Table 3.
Comparison of breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum partner support between control and intervention groups: intention-to-treat analysis.
| Intervention arm | Mean | 95% CI | β | SE | P value | ||||||
| BSES-SFa | |||||||||||
|
|
Originalb | ||||||||||
|
|
|
Control | 49.5 | 48.0-51.0 | Ref | —c | — | ||||
|
|
|
FFABCd | 48.7 | 47.1-50.3 | –0.748 | 1.123 | .51 | ||||
|
|
|
Milk Man app | 50.1 | 48.4-51.3 | 0.379 | 1.081 | .73 | ||||
|
|
|
Combination | 49.5 | 48.5-51.6 | 0.589 | 1.111 | .60 | ||||
|
|
Poolede | ||||||||||
|
|
|
Control | 47.4 | 45.0-49.7 | Ref | — | — | ||||
|
|
|
FFABC | 47.3 | 44.9-49.6 | –0.112 | 1.677 | .95 | ||||
|
|
|
Milk Man app | 48.3 | 46.1-50.5 | 0.919 | 1.731 | .60 | ||||
|
|
|
Combination | 47.9 | 46.0-49.8 | 0.542 | 1.532 | .72 | ||||
| PPSSf | |||||||||||
|
|
Original | ||||||||||
|
|
|
Control | 82.8 | 81.4-84.2 | Ref | — | — | ||||
|
|
|
FFABC | 82.5 | 81.0-83.9 | –0.317 | 1.033 | .76 | ||||
|
|
|
Milk Man app | 83.1 | 81.7-84.4 | 0.256 | 0.994 | .80 | ||||
|
|
|
Combination | 81.2 | 79.8-82.7 | 1.595 | 1.026 | .12 | ||||
|
|
Pooled | ||||||||||
|
|
|
Control | 81.7 | 79.2-84.2 | Ref | — | — | ||||
|
|
|
FFABC | 81.0 | 78.1-83.9 | –0.680 | 2.023 | .74 | ||||
|
|
|
Milk Man app | 82.8 | 80.2-85.4 | 1.146 | 1.765 | .52 | ||||
|
|
|
Combination | 78.7 | 75.3-82.0 | –2.991 | 2.161 | .17 | ||||
aBSES-SF: Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale–Short Form, with scores ranging from 14 to 70 with higher scores indicating higher levels of breastfeeding self-confidence.
bOriginal analyses included those participants with complete data.
cNot applicable.
dFFABC: father-focused antenatal breastfeeding class.
ePooled analyses that used the imputed datasets.
fPPSS: Postpartum Partner Support Scale, with scores ranging from 25 to 100 with higher scores indicating higher levels of postpartum partner support.