Table 3.
Means of primary and secondary outcome variables across study phases.
| Variable | Baseline (intervention: n=130; control: n=116) | Gamification (intervention: n=35; control: n=44) | Physical nudges (intervention: n=38; control: n=72) | Follow-up (intervention: n=44; control: n=66) | |||||
| Intervention location, mean (SD) | |||||||||
|
|
Number of daily stepsa | 10,138.3 (4643.5) | 10,901.8 (5068.3) | 9873.5 (5020.8) | 10,481.1 (5035.9) | ||||
|
|
Meeting PAb guidelinesc | 5.2 (2.0) | 5.8 (1.6) | 5.8 (1.4) | 5.6 (1.7) | ||||
|
|
Hours in light PA | 26.1 (13.9) | 28.4 (12.2) | 22.7 (14.4) | 20.7 (14.3) | ||||
|
|
Hours in moderate-to-vigorous PA | 0.35 (2.2) | 0.05 (0.23) | 0.08 (0.41) | 0.71 (2.24) | ||||
|
|
Hours sitting per weekd | 30.9 (10.7) | 32.6 (10.6) | 30.4 (9.8) | 30.0 (6.8) | ||||
|
|
Number of breaks per hourd | 1.7 (1.2) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.4 (0.7) | ||||
| Control location, mean (SD) | |||||||||
|
|
Number of daily stepsa | 10,403.0 (4191.6) | 10,618.6 (4377.3) | 10,138.5 (4820.7) | 10,279.3 (4387.8) | ||||
|
|
Meeting PA guidelines (days per week)c | 5.4 (1.9) | 5.7 (1.6) | 5.8 (1.6) | 5.7 (1.7) | ||||
|
|
Hours in light PA | 26.4 (13.1) | 23.2 (14.1) | 23.1 (14.3) | 24.7 (13.25) | ||||
|
|
Hours in moderate-to-vigorous PA | 0.16 (0.75) | 0.22 (0.71) | 0.17 (0.81) | 0.73 (2.66) | ||||
|
|
Hours sitting per weekd | 29.1 (10.2) | 28.9 (8.2) | 31.6 (10.7) | 29.9 (10.7) | ||||
|
|
Number of breaks per hourd | 2.0 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.8) | ||||
aThe sample size shown refers to questionnaire assessments and does not apply to the number of daily steps measured using accelerometers. In total, 234 participants completed the accelerometer measurements, and on average, the accelerometer was worn on 68.8% of the days.
bPA: physical activity.
cMeeting daily physical activity guidelines was defined as self-reported engagement in at least 30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day.
dThe number of hours sitting per week and number of sitting breaks per hour refers specifically to sedentary behavior during work time.