Table 1.

Direct effects of IFNλs on immune cell populations

Species	Neutrophils	Macrophages	Dendritic cells	NK cells	B cells	T cells	Refs
Mouse	Increased ISG expression; ROS production can increase or decrease; decreased migration and IL-1β production	Increased ISG expression; increased stimulation of NK cell proliferation; some studies report no effects	Increased stimulation of T helper 1 cell polarization; increased stimulation of CD8+ T cell responses; increased ISG expression (pDCs and BMDCs); increased antigen presentation and co-stimulatory molecule expression (BMDCs); some studies report no effects	No effects	No effects	No effects	25,28,32,33,35,42,47,49–52,58,150
Human	Increased IFNLR1 expression on activated neutrophils; decreased ROS production; decreased NET formation; some studies report no effects	Increased ISG expression; increased antigen presentation and co-stimulatory molecule expression; increased cytokine and chemokine production; increased phagocytosis and cytotoxicity; increased activation of NK cells	Increased ISG expression (pDCs); increased cytokine and chemokine expression (pDCs); increased antigen presentation and co-stimulatory molecule expression (pDCs and moDCs) increased migration (moDCs); increased stimulation of regulatory T cell proliferation (moDCs); some studies report no effects in moDCs	No effects	Increased ISG expression; increased TLR7-mediated antibody production; increased plasmablast differentiation	Increased ISG expression (CD8+ T cells and activated CD4+ T cells); increased IFNLR1 expression (activated CD4+ T cells); some studies report no effects	28,33–40,43–46,48,53–55,57

BMDC, bone marrow-derived dendritic cell; IFNLR1, IFNλ receptor 1; ISG, interferon-stimulated gene; moDC, monocyte-derived dendritic cell; NET, neutrophil extracellular trap; NK, natural killer; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TLR7, Toll-like receptor 7.