Table 2.
Frequency (%) of all symptoms reported for false negative stroke patients
| Kothari et al (1999)5 | Smith et al (1999)15 | Kidwell et al (2000)12 | Bray et al (2005)24 | Mosley et al (2007)25 | Bray et al (2010)26 | Chen et al (2013)27 | Brandler et al (2015)18 | Andersson et al (2018)29 | Oostema et al (2019)20 | |
| Symptoms n (%) | ||||||||||
| Facial droop | – | – | – | – | 4 (9) | – | – | – | 27 (12) | – |
| Arm weakness/drift | – | – | – | – | 14 (32) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Leg weakness/drift | – | – | 1 (25) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Arm/leg weakness/drift | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 69 (32) | – |
| Facial droop or arm weakness | – | – | – | – | – | – | 81 (38) | – | – | – |
| Speech problems | – | – | – | – | 10 (23) | 1 (13) | – | – | 61 (28) | 35 (78) |
| Visual disturbance/impairment | 2 (15) | – | – | 2 (29) | – | – | – | 28 (13) | 11 (6) | |
| Ataxia | 3 (23) | – | – | – | – | 2 (25) | – | – | 13 (30) | |
| Dizziness | 3 (23) | – | – | – | – | 2 (25) | – | 77 (27) | – | 4 (9) |
| Vertigo | 3 (23) | – | – | – | -- | – | – | 96 (44) | 7 (16) | |
| Nausea or vomiting | – | – | – | – | – | 3 (38) | – | 22 (8) | 64 (29) | 5 (12) |
| Sensory deficit | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Headache | – | – | – | – | – | 1 (13) | – | 40 (14) | 40 (18) | 9 (21) |
| Unilateral weakness | 4 (31) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 22 (48.9) | |
| Mental status changes | 1 (8) | 6 (19) | – | – | – | 2 (25) | – | 34 (12) | – | 8 (19) |
| Change in conscious level | – | 2 (6) | – | – | – | 1 (13) | – | – | – | – |
| Hypoglycaemia | – | – | – | 1 (14) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Seizure | – | 2 (6) | – | – | – | – | – | 12 (4) | – | – |
| Quadriparesis | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 (2) | – | – |
| Bilateral weakness | – | – | 2 (50) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Weakness other | – | – | – | – | – | – | -- | 91 (32) | – | – |
| Ophthalmoplegia | – | – | 1 (25) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Fever | – | – | – | – | – | 1 (13) | – | – | – | – |
| Incontinence | – | – | – | – | – | 2 (25) | – | – | – | – |
| Fall | – | – | – | – | – | 2 (25) | – | – | – | – |