Table 2.

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of mortality by current serum sodium level (mmol/L) in 50,932 participants with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)

	Short-term (30-day) mortality
	115.00–133.99	134.00–137.00	137.01–140.99	141.00–142.99	143.00–175.00	p trend
Person Observations	7,318	20,895	29,928	14,711	9,525
Deaths	320	424	419	223	403
Person-Observation-years	261.25	852.89	1,294.66	655.97	411.11
Deaths per 100 POYs	122.49	49.71	32.36	34.00	98.03
Crude model	3.37 (2.85–3.99)	1.50 (1.29–1.74)	1.00 (ref)	1.03 (0.85–1.23)	2.49 (2.12–2.92)	<0.0001
Age adjusted model	3.45 (2.92–4.07)	1.54 (1.32–1.79)	1.00 (ref)	0.99 (0.83–1.19)	2.35 (2.00–2.75)	<0.0001
Multivariable modelǂ	2.96 (2.48–3.53)	1.47 (1.25–1.71)	1.00 (ref)	1.02 (0.85–1.24)	2.46 (2.08–2.90)	<0.0001
	Long-term (>30 day) mortality
Person Observations	51,865	179,463	272,156	137,405	85,410
Deaths	3,371	7,189	8,767	4,538	4,579
Person-Observation-years	8,838.89	39,633.90	70,704.47	38,380.01	23,460.67
Deaths per 100 POYs	38.14	18.14	12.40	11.82	19.52
Crude model	2.79 (2.68–2.91)	1.43 (1.38–1.48)	1.00 (ref)	0.95 (0.92–0.99)	1.45 (1.39–1.50)	<0.0001
Age adjusted model	2.90 (2.78–3.02)	1.48 (1.44–1.53)	1.00 (ref)	0.92 (0.88–0.95)	1.35 (1.30–1.40)	<0.0001
Multivariable modelǂ	2.48 (2.38–2.60)	1.38 (1.34–1.43)	1.00 (ref)	0.95 (0.91–0.98)	1.40 (1.35–1.46)	<0.0001

The 137.01–140.99 mmol/L is the reference serum sodium category. Missing values are as follows: eGFR = 780, serum potassium=40, race=2,883. POY= person-observation years.

^ǂAdjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum potassium, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus type II, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anemia, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker prescription, beta blocker prescription, and calcium channel blocker prescription.