Table 5. Mean and standard deviation (SD) score of sleep quality, depression, and state anxiety before and after the intervention in both groups A and B in the first and second treatment periods.
| Group | First month | Second month | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean ± SD | n | Mean ± SD | ||
| Changes in sleep quality scores | |||||
| A* | 19 | 7.6 ± 3.1 | 17 | 0.9 ± 2.1 | |
| B | 20 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 20 | 4.6 ± 2.3 | |
| p -value | < 0.001a | - | < 0.001a | ||
| Changes in depression scores | |||||
| A* | 19 | 6.6 ± 6.0 | 17 | 1.3 ± 1.6 | |
| B | 20 | 2.4 ± 3.3 | 20 | 3.8 ± 2.6 | |
| p -value | 0.013a | - | 0.002a | ||
| Changes in state anxiety scores | |||||
| A* | 19 | 14.7 ± 7.3 | 17 | 1.6 ± 2.8 | |
| B | 20 | 7.3 ± 5.1 | 20 | 6.2 ± 2.5 | |
| p -value | 0.003b | - | < 0.00b | ||
*Group A took valerian capsules in the first month and placebo in the second month, and vice versa in group B.