Table 2.

Theoretical assumptions and corresponding hypotheses guiding the structural model specification.

Assumption	Exemplary study
The PIMa might be linked to HITb workflow support H1: PIM has a positive effect on the WCSc	Ammenwerth et al (2006) [69], Avgar et al (2012) [70], Bradley et al (2012) [71], Winter et al (2011) [72]
Formal participation in terms of the appointment of clinical ITd agents might results from PIM practices and might lead to better HIT workflow support H2: The effect of PIM on the WCS is partly mediated by clinical IT agents	Cresswell and Sheikh (2013) [12], Liebe et al (2018) [42], Potts et al (2011) [73], Sligo et al (2017) [26]
There likely is a direct link between the technical and the perceived quality of HIT workflow support H3: The WCS has a positive effect on the perceived HIT workflow support H4: The WCS has a positive effect on the overall goodness of information provision	Hadji and Degoulet (2016) [74], Hübner (2015) [75], Yusof et al (2008) [23]
The perceived quality of HIT is likely linked to the perceived goodness of information provision H5: Perceived HIT workflow support has a positive effect on the overall goodness of information provision	Gorla et al (2010) [76], Suki (2012) [77]
A top management team that is capable and willing to innovate might facilitate an innovation-friendly culture throughout the organization, including the IT department H6: Innovation capability: top management team support has a positive effect on organization-wide innovation capability H7: Innovation capability: top management team support has a positive effect on the innovation capability of the IT department	Abdekhoda et al (2015) [78], Carpenter et al (2004) [79], Laukka et al [80]
The tasks and procedures that manifest PIM might also be facilitated by an innovation-friendly top management team H8: Innovation capability: top management team support has a positive effect on PIM	Bradley et al (2012) [71], Liebe et al (2018) [81], Weintraub and McKee (2019) [82]
Innovation capabilities of the top management team and the IT department might determine the degree of HIT workflow support H9: Innovation capability: top management team support has a positive effect on the WCS H10: Innovation capability of the IT department has a positive effect on the WCS	Esdar et al (2018) [38], Paré et al (2020) [56], Leidner et al (2010) [54]
The ability of the IT department to innovate might be linked to information management practices H11: Innovation capability of the IT department has a positive effect on PIM	Liebe et al (2017) [83], Watts and Henderson [84]
HIT quality might be a function of the organization-wide climate toward IT. Such climate might also facilitate a stronger effect of the technical HIT quality (ie, the WCS) on the perceived quality of information provision H12: Organization-wide innovation capability has a positive effect on the WCS H13: Organization-wide innovation capability has a positive effect on the perceived HIT workflow support H14: Organization-wide innovation capability has a positive effect on the overall goodness of information provision H15: Organization-wide innovation capability positively moderates the relationship between the WCS and the overall goodness of information provision	Caccia-Bava et al (2006) [45], Gagnon et al (2012) [85], Taylor et al (2015) [86], Vest et al (2019) [50]
Structural characteristics might be linked to HIT quality, possibly also to the TMT’s capabilities to innovate H16: Structural characteristics have a positive effect on the WCS H17: Structural characteristics have a positive effect on PIM H18: Structural characteristics have a positive effect on the innovation capability: top management team support	DesRoches et al (2012) [58], Fadol et al (2015) [87], Kruse et al (2014) [88], Troilo et al (2014) [89]
Compared with Germany, hospitals from Austria and Switzerland exhibit higher degrees of HIT workflow support and a more pronounced culture toward innovation H19: Country has a positive effect on the WCS H20: Country has a positive effect on organization-wide innovation capability H21: Country has a positive effect on the innovation capability of the IT department	Esdar et al (2018) [38], Haux et al (2018) [90], Hübner et al (2010) [91], Hüsers et al (2017) [49], Naumann et al (2019) [11]

^aPIM: professionalism of information management.

^bHIT: health information technology.

^cWCS: Workflow Composite Score.

^dIT: information technology.