a, Representative Ki-67 staining of sham- and angioplasty-treated vessels at D0-post, D14 and D28. At D0-post, there are more Ki-67+ cells in sham vessels than in angioplasty-treated vessels. At D14, there are abundant Ki-67+ cells in sham vessels, but fewer Ki-67+ cells can be seen in angioplasty-treated vessels. There are no differences between the two groups at D28. b, Semiquantitative analysis shows significant decrease in the Ki-67 index in angioplasty-treated vessels compared to sham controls at D0-post and at D14, with no difference at D28. Each time point represents the mean ± s.e.m. of five to seven animals for each group. Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s correction was performed by Graph Pad Prism version 8 (GraphPad Software Inc.). Significant differences are indicated: P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. Red solid arrows indicate positive cells. Scale bars: 25 μm. ADV, adventitia; L, lumen; NS, not significant.