Table 1 |.

Troubleshooting advice

Step	Problem	Possible reason	Solution
4	Bleeding during dissection of the left common renal arterial bifurcation	Renal vein rupture	Mild bleeding can be treated with gentle compression using a cotton tip
			If excessive bleeding occurs, the animal needs to be excluded from the experiment
	Unable to dissect the renal arterial bifurcation	Renal arterial malformation	Dissect the bifurcation along the left main renal artery. The bifurcation may be close or distal to the renal hilum area
			If there is no renal arterial bifurcation, the animal needs to be excluded from the experiment
5	Lack of ischemia in the left renal upper pole	The ligation is not tight enough	Religate the left renal superior branch artery
14	The REJV is not long enough for AVF creation	Insufficient REJV dissection has been performed	Continue to dissect the REJV until it enters the muscle
			If the distal end is ligated, the animal should be excluded from the experiment
		The REJV has been ligated by mistake	The REJV is larger than the branch vein
15	Bleeding after removing the sternocleidomastoid muscle	There is at least one vessel supplying the sternocleidomastoid muscle	The muscle can be cauterized using an electronic cutter
			Before cutting the muscle, ligate the ends using 6–0 sutures to decrease bleeding
17	Poor patency after creation of the AVF	The anastomosis is too small	Before creating the AVF anastomosis, the ReJV should be gently perfused using heparinized saline
		Heparinization is not adequate	Systemic heparinization of the animal and endovascular flushing with heparinized saline are helpful to prevent thrombosis after AVF creation
18	Bleeding after AVF creation	The stitches are not tight enough	Mild bleeding can be treated with gentle compression using a cotton tip
			Excessive bleeding requires the inflow artery to be clamped. Place an extra suture if needed or exclude the animal from the experiment
29 and 30	The ReJV is not long enough to perform the angioplasty	Insufficient outflow vessel dissection has been performed	Continue to dissect the ReJV and clear the pectoralis major muscle
			Exclude the animal from the experiment
		The puncture point is not at the end of the outflow vessel	The puncture point should be chosen to be as far away as possible from the anastomosis
33	Failure to perform the angioplasty	The balloon catheter cannot be advanced to the anastomosis	The surface of the balloon catheter needs to be soaked in heparinized saline before performing the angioplasty. If there is resistance to advancing the balloon catheter, gentle rotation will be helpful
		The balloon catheter slides out during the angioplasty	During the angioplasty procedure, the balloon catheter should be fixed by microvascular forceps
		The angioplasty-treated vessel ruptures after the angioplasty	The angioplasty needs to be performed at designated pressure using an inflation device
34	Bleeding after angioplasty	The sutures are not tight enough, or a suture is loose	Mild bleeding can be treated with gentle compression using a cotton tip
			Excessive bleeding requires the inflow artery to be clamped. Place an extra suture if needed or exclude the animal from the experiment