Table 5.
The influence of late retirement on difficulty in physical functioning and problems of cognitive status (Heckman two-stage regression)
| Dependent variables | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difficulty in physical functioning (2018) | Problems of cognitive status (2018) | |||||
| Coef. | S.E. | 95% CI | Coef. | S.E. | 95% CI | |
| Late retirement status of 2015 | −0.353** | 0.023 | [−0.399, − 0.308] | −0.069 ** | 0.026 | [−0.119, − 0.018] |
| Social behavior | − 0.130 ** | 0.020 | [− 0.169, − 0.091] | − 0.084 ** | 0.023 | [− 0.129, − 0.039] |
| Health insurance | − 0.045 | 0.042 | [− 0.127, 0.037] | 0.121 ** | 0.043 | [0.036, 0.205] |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | REF. | REF. | ||||
| Female | −0.317 ** | 0.060 | [−0.435, − 0.199] | −0.207 ** | 0.059 | [−0.323, − 0.091] |
| Age | − 0.047 ** | 0.007 | [− 0.060, − 0.033] | − 0.011 | 0.007 | [− 0.025, 0.002] |
| Education | ||||||
| Less than lower secondary | REF. | REF. | ||||
| Upper, secondary & vocational training | −0.194 ** | 0.039 | [− 0.271, − 0.116] | −0.077 | 0.049 | [−0.174, 0.020] |
| Tertiary | −0.284 ** | 0.084 | [− 0.448, − 0.120] | −0.095 | 0.111 | [−0.313, 0.123] |
| Marriage | ||||||
| Married | REF. | REF. | ||||
| Partnered | −0.030 | 0.046 | [−0.120, 0.061] | − 0.015 | 0.059 | [−0.131, 0.100] |
| Separated | 0.205 | 0.229 | [−0.244, 0.654] | −0.036 | 0.185 | [−0.399, 0.327] |
| Divorced | −0.030 | 0.128 | [−0.282, 0.221] | 0.046 | 0.177 | [−0.301, 0.392] |
| Widowed | 0.011 | 0.031 | [−0.049, 0.071] | − 0.002 | 0.034 | [−0.068, 0.064] |
| Never married | 0.017 | 0.099 | [−0.177, 0.211] | 0.002 | 0.156 | [−0.305, 0.308] |
| Residence | ||||||
| Central city/town | REF. | REF. | ||||
| Urban-rural integration zone | 0.137 ** | 0.049 | [0.041, 0.234] | 0.025 | 0.057 | [−0.086, 0.136] |
| Rural | 0.269 ** | 0.030 | [0.211, 0.328] | 0.161 ** | 0.034 | [0.094, 0.228] |
| Special zone | 0.096 | 0.208 | [−0.311, 0.503] | −0.086 | 0.184 | [−0.446, 0.274] |
| Inverse mills ratio | 1.061 ** | 0.104 | [0.856, 1.265] | 0.384 ** | 0.102 | [0.184, 0.584] |
| Intercept | 4.353 ** | 0.435 | [3.500, 5.207] | 4.010 ** | 0.428 | [3.172, 4.849] |
| Observations | 3757 | 3223 | ||||
| F-statistics | 69.27 | 10.44 | ||||
| [P-value] | [0.000] | [0.000] | ||||
Notes: The Heckman two-stage regression (1st stage) is conducted by regressing late retirement (2015) on self-reported health (2015), health care services (2015), age and gender, according to which the Inverse Mills Ratio (IMR) is obtained and applied in the 2nd stage regression.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01