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. 2021 Apr 27;9(3):886–898. doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01028-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Ratio of Black age-adjusted COVID-19 death rate to White age-adjusted COVID-19 death rate as a function of the state racism index. The racism index is on a scale of 0 to 100 with higher numbers indicating a greater level of structural racism. Mortality rates are per 100,000 population