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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 27.
Published in final edited form as: Phytochem Rev. 2019 Sep 19;18(6):1509–1527. doi: 10.1007/s11101-019-09645-9

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Proposed molecular mechanism of artemisinin resistance. Solid lines represent mechanisms with experimental evidence, while dashed lines represent postulated mechanisms. Abbreviations: PI3P phosphatidylinositol triphosphate, PI3 K phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, Ub ubiquitin, UPR unfolded protein response