Figure 1.

ANCOVA comparing the membrane capacitance (C_M) of women and men with low/no CMD risk (reference groups) to those in groups with increased CMD risk: metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance (IR), and insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (IR + MetS). A) Model 1 adjusted for height²and intracellular resistance (R_I); and B) Model 2 adjusted for height², R_I, age, African-American race/ethnicity, Mexican American race/ethnicity, DXA lean mass^ǂ, DXA fat mass^ǂ, medication use, smoking, and alcohol use.

Data are expressed as the least-squares adjusted mean ± standard error.

**p < 0.001 versus the low/no-risk group; *** p < 0.0001 versus the low/no-risk

ǂ variable is log-transformed.

Abbreviations: nF, nanoFarads; DXA, Dual-x-ray-absorptiometry.