Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, including frequency of positive SAR-CoV-2 antibodies and COR seropositivity for different factors.
| Characteristic | Included N (%) |
Seropositive N (% within rows) |
Crude OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 1078 | 229 (21%) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 598 (55%) | 103 (17%) | Ref | |
| Male | 480 (45%) | 126 (26%) | 1.71 (1.28–2.3) | < 0.001 |
| Age category (years) | ||||
| 20–29 | 195 (18%) | 44 (23%) | Ref | |
| 30–39 | 529 (49%) | 117 (22%) | 0.98 (0.66–1.45) | 0.898 |
| 40–49 | 295 (27%) | 56 (19%) | 0.8 (0.52–1.25) | 0.336 |
| 50–59 | 53 (4.9%) | 12 (23%) | 1 (0.49–2.08) | 0.99 |
| Over 60 | 6 (0.6%) | 0 | 0 (0–0) | 0.97 |
| Omani | 730 (68%) | 150 (21%) | 0.88 (0.65–1.2) | 0.419 |
| Hospital | ||||
| Nizwa | 378 (35%) | 32 (8%) | Ref | |
| Rustaq | 257 (24%) | 56 (22%) | 3.01 (1.89–4.81) | < 0.001 |
| Sohar | 443 (41%) | 141 (32%) | 5.05 (3.34–7.64) | < 0.001 |
| Exposure risk category | ||||
| Low | 360 (33%) | 104 (29%) | Ref | |
| Variable | 373 (35%) | 66 (18%) | 0.53 (0.37–0.75) | < 0.001 |
| High | 345 (32%) | 59 (17%) | 0.51 (0.35–0.73) | < 0.001 |
| Profession category | ||||
| Doctor | 156 (14%) | 14 (9%) | Ref | |
| Admin | 190 (18%) | 36 (19%) | 2.37 (1.23–4.58) | 0.01 |
| Medical assistanta | 136 (13%) | 20 (15%) | 1.75 (0.85–3.61) | 0.131 |
| Nurse | 417 (39%) | 71 (17%) | 2.08 (1.14–3.81) | 0.018 |
| Support staffb | 179 (17%) | 88 (66%) | 9.81 (5.26–18.27) | < 0.001 |
| Residency | ||||
| Campus | 197 (18%) | 68 (34.5%) | Ref | |
| Family house | 881 (82%) | 161.0 (18.3%) | 0.42 (0.3–0.6) | < 0.001 |
| Community prevalencec | ||||
| Low | 896 (83%) | 162 (18%) | Ref | |
| High | 149 (14%) | 47 (31%) | 2.09 (1.42–3.07) | < 0.001 |
| Unknown | 33 (3%) | 20 (60%) | ||
| Previously confirmed COVID-19 | ||||
| Yes | 139 (13%) | 118 (85%) | 41.9 (25.3–69.4) | < 0.001 |
| No | 939 (87%) | 111 (12%) | Ref | |
| Recent IPC training | 190 (18%) | 44 (23%) | 1.15 (0.79–1.67) | 0.477 |
| Symptoms in past 3 monthsd | ||||
| Fever | 107 (9.9%) | 65.0 (61%) | 7.62 (4.99–11.62) | < 0.001 |
| Myalgia | 262 (24%) | 86 (32.8%) | 2.3 (1.68–3.15) | < 0.001 |
| Sore throat | 286 (27%) | 68 (23.8%) | 1.22 (0.89–1.69) | 0.222 |
| Cough | 212 (20%) | 64 (30.2%) | 1.84 (1.31–2.58) | < 0.001 |
| Other respiratorye | 326 (30%) | 74 (22.7%) | 1.13 (0.83–1.55) | 0.442 |
| GI symptoms | 243 (23%) | 63 (25.9%) | 1.23 (0.92–1.64) | 0.172 |
| Other symptomsf | 517 (48%) | 119 (23.0%) | 1.41 (1.01–1.97) | 0.043 |
a
Includes medical orderlies, technicians, physiotherapists, dieticians, and pharmacists.
b
Includes information technology, medical engineers, security, medical records.
c
Data from a national serosurvey conducted at the same time as our study, as provided by the surveillance department for the included governorate, using a median of 11% to define high and low prevalence.
d
Reference is the absence of symptoms.
e
Includes nasal congestion or runny nose, chest pain, difficulty breathing, wheezing.
f
Includes headache, fatigue, and all others not mentioned in the list reported as free text entries.