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. 2021 Apr 27;60:151437. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151437

Table 2.

The top 5 responses.

Immediate reactions to Covid-19
Item Total (n) Moderate (n) Severe (n) Moderate/severe %
I felt nervous and worried 92 46 25 77.2
I took it as a call of duty 84 28 34 73.8
I felt I had no choice 78 26 21 73.1
I took it as a challenge(n = 95) 73 29 20 67.1
I felt hatred 17 7 4 64.7



Major stressors
Item Yes (n) Moderate/severe (n) Moderate/severe
Uncertainty about when the epidemic will be under control 90 78 86.7
Worry about inflicting coronavirus on family members 83 70 84.3
Worry about lack of staffing 75 62 82.7
Patients' families' emotional reactions 73 60 82.2
Conflict between duty and safety 72 57 79.2



Effective measures to reduce stress
Item Total (n) Moderately
(%) Moderately
Very effective(n) Very effective
Sharing jokes and humor with co-workers 74 58 78.4
Encouragement among co-workers 71 53 74.6
Sufficient rest or time off 64 37 60.7
Community recognition and support 66 39 59.1
Improvements in patient's 67 39 58.2



Most frequently used coping strategies
Item Responses (n) Mean SD
Taking proactive measures (washing hands, Wearing masks, temperature taking) 87 3.89 0.32
Limiting oneself from watching too much news about COVID-19 85 3.22 0.85
Actively acquiring knowledge about Covid-19 87 3.21 0.71
Chatting with family and friends by phone or video to share concerns and support 85 3.14 0.80
Engaging in recreational activities (shopping, streaming movies, outdoor exercises, internet surfing, social media) 85 3.04 0.89



Motivators to care in future epidemics or pandemics
Item Total (n) Mean SD
Adequate and sufficient protective equipment 84 1.95 0.90
Clear information about the disease 84 2.63 1.40
Family support 84 3.20 1.58
Reasonable staffing/shift 84 3.20 0.99
Bonus pay for dangerous work 84 3.98 1.21