Lu 2020.
| Study characteristics | |||
| Patient Sampling | Hospitalized patients with confirmed or suspected COVID‐19 and at least one post‐admission evaluation | ||
| Patient characteristics and setting | Setting: hospital
Site: Wuhan Hankou Hospital
Country: China
Symptoms and severity: the most common signs and symptoms at onset of illness were fever (323 (76.5%)), cough (258
(60.4%)), and fatigue (148 (33.4%))
Demographics: median age was 55 years (IQR 39‐66) and 254 (44.0%) were men 6 days from illness onset to admission (IQR 4‐9) |
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| Index tests | Whole blood Index tests: WBC count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, prothrombin time, D‐dimer, ALB, ALT, total BIL, Scr, CRP Blinding not reported |
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| Target condition and reference standard(s) | Diagnosis was only based on SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR (no further information provided) | ||
| Flow and timing | Only 199/577 received RT‐PCR Time interval was unclear | ||
| Comparative | |||
| Notes | |||
| Methodological quality | |||
| Item | Authors' judgement | Risk of bias | Applicability concerns |
| DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection | |||
| Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? | Yes | ||
| Was a case‐control design avoided? | Yes | ||
| Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions? | Unclear | ||
| Could the selection of patients have introduced bias? | High risk | ||
| Are there concerns that the included patients and setting do not match the review question? | Unclear | ||
| DOMAIN 2: Index Test (All tests) | |||
| Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | Unclear | ||
| If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? | Unclear | ||
| Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? | Unclear risk | ||
| Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? | Low concern | ||
| DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard | |||
| Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition? | No | ||
| Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests? | Unclear | ||
| Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias? | High risk | ||
| Are there concerns that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the question? | High | ||
| DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing | |||
| Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard? | Unclear | ||
| Did all patients receive the same reference standard? | Yes | ||
| Were all patients included in the analysis? | No | ||
| Could the patient flow have introduced bias? | Unclear risk | ||