Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

References	Location	Sample Size (AH/SH)	Intervention (AH/SH)	Perioperative fluid infusion dose (patient weighing 75 kg)
Buxbaum et al	USA	39/23	AH: intravenous lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 3.0mL/kg/h during the procedure, a bolus of 20mL/kg immediately after ERCP, followed by a post-ERCP rate of 3.0mL/kg/h for 8 h	AH: 3525 mL
			SH: intravenous lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 1.5mL/kg/h during ERCP and for 8h after ERCP without a bolus	SH: 1012.5 mL
Shaygan-nejad et al	Iran	75/75	AH: intravenous lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 3.0mL/kg/h during ERCP, a bolus of 20mL/kg right after ERCP and 3.0mL/kg/h of lactated Ringer solution for 8h	AH: 3525 mL
			SH: intravenous lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 1.5mL/kg/h during ERCP and the following 8h	SH: 1012.5 mL
Chuankrerkkul et al	Thailand	30/30	AH: intravenous lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 3.0mL/kg/h during ERCP, 10mL/kg bolus, and 3.0mL/kg/h for 8 h after ERCP	AH: 2775 mL
			SH: intravenous lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 1.5mL/kg/h during ERCP and 8h after ERCP	SH: 1012.5mL
Rosa et al	Portugal	35/33	AH: intravenous lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 3.0mL/kg/h during ERCP, 20mL/kg bolus after ERCP, and 3mL/kg/h for 8h after ERCP	AH: 3525 mL
			SH: intravenous lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 1.5mL/kg/h during and for 8h after ERCP	SH: 1012.5 mL
Chang et al	Thailand	85/86	AH: intravenous lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 150mL/h starting 2 h before ERCP, and continued during and after ERCP to complete 24 h	AH: 3600 mL
			SH: intravenous lactated Ringer solution calculated by the Holliday-Segar method given peri-ERCP	SH: Not described
Choi et al	Korea	255/255	AH: lactated Ringer solution in an initial bolus of 10mL/kg before ERCP, 3.0mL/kg/h during and for 8h after ERCP, and a post-ERCP bolus of 10mL/kg	AH: 2775 mL
			SH: lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 1.5mL/kg/ h during and for 8h after ERCP	SH: 1012.5mL
NCT02050048	USA	14/12	AH: initial bolus of lactated Ringer solution before ERCP of 7.58mL/kg over 1h, lactated Ringer solution infusion during ERCP at 5mL/kg/h, post-ERCP bolus of 20mL/kg over 90 min	AH: 2443.5mL
			SH: lactated Ringer solution infusion at a rate of 1.5mL/kg/h at the start of ERCP. Fluids may be continued through the 90 min post-ERCP observation period	SH: 281.25 mL
Park et al	Korea	132/129	AH: intravenous lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 3.0mL/kg/h during the procedure, a bolus of 20mL/kg immediately after ERCP, followed by a post-ERCP rate of 3.0mL/kg/h for 8 h	AH: 3525 mL
			SH: intravenous lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 1.5mL/kg/h during ERCP and for 8h after ERCP without a bolus	SH: 1012.5 mL
M Alciva-Leon et al	Ecuador	326/326	AH: intravenous lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 3.0 mL/kg/h during ERCP, 20 mL/kg bolus after ERCP, and 3 mL/kg/h for 8 h after ERCP	AH: 3525mL
			SH: intravenous saline solution at a rate of 1.5 mL/kg/h during and for 8 h after ERCP	SH:1012.5 mL
Ramin et al	Iran	120/120	AH: a dose of 20 mL/kg/h of lactated ringer solution was given within 90 min before ERCP and 3 mL/kg /h was prescribed during ERCP, which lasted up to 8 hours. Then, it was reduced to 1.5 mL/kg /h if they did not have pain	AH:3525 mL
			SH: 1.5 mL/kg/h of lactated ringer solutionwas given during the ERCP, which lasted up to 8 h after ERCP.	SH:1012.5 mL