Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with COVID-19.
| Characteristics | All patients (n = 289) | Nonsevere (n = 197) | Severe (n = 92) | Statistics | P |
| Age (years) | 45.0 (33.0, 61.0) | 40.0 (30.0, 50.0) | 60.0 (45.5, 69.5) | 43.912∗ | < 0.001 |
| Age (years) | – | <0.001 | |||
| 0–14 | 8 (2.8) | 7 (3.6) | 1 (1.1) | ||
| 15–29 | 48 (16.6) | 41 (20.8) | 7 (7.6) | ||
| 30–49 | 115 (39.8) | 93 (47.2) | 22 (23.9) | ||
| 50–64 | 59 (20.4) | 35 (17.8) | 24 (26.1) | ||
| ≥ 65 | 59 (20.4) | 21 (10.7) | 38 (41.3) | ||
| Sex | 3.117† | 0.077 | |||
| Male | 154 (53.3) | 98 (49.7) | 56 (60.9) | ||
| Female | 135 (46.7) | 99 (50.3) | 36 (39.1) | ||
| Smoking history | 7 (2.4) | 2 (1.0) | 5 (5.4) | – | 0.035 |
| Healthcare worker | 23/233 (9.9) | 22/177 (12.4) | 1/56 (1.8) | 5.417† | 0.020 |
| Region of residence | – | 0.001 | |||
| Wuhan | 98 (33.9) | 58 (29.4) | 40 (43.5) | ||
| Other cities in Hubei Province | 8 (2.8) | 2 (1.0) | 6 (6.5) | ||
| Cities outside Hubei Province | 183 (63.3) | 137 (69.5) | 46 (50.0) | ||
| Exposure history | |||||
| Recently visited epidemic area | 157/278 (56.5) | 102/192 (53.1) | 55/86 (64.0) | 2.833† | 0.092 |
| Contact with confirmed cases | 97/194 (50.0) | 84/153 (54.9) | 13/41 (31.7) | 6.958† | 0.008 |
| Contact with wildlife | 2/208 (1.0) | 2/155 (1.3) | 0 (0) | – | 1.000 |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Diabetes | 25 (8.7) | 9 (4.6) | 16 (17.4) | 13.049† | <0.001 |
| Chronic cardiac disease | 18 (6.2) | 5 (2.5) | 13 (14.1) | 14.430† | <0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 12 (4.2) | 5 (2.5) | 7 (7.6) | – | 0.058 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5 (1.7) | 1 (0.5) | 4 (4.3) | – | 0.037 |
| Malignant neoplasm | 5 (1.7) | 3 (1.5) | 2 (2.2) | – | 0.655 |
| Chronic hematologic disease | 3 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.3) | – | 0.032 |
| Chronic liver disease | 3 (1.0) | 3 (1.5) | 0 (0) | – | 0.554 |
| Obesity | 3 (1.0) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (1.1) | – | 1.000 |
| Dementia | 2 (0.7) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0) | – | 1.000 |
| Malnutrition | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | – | 0.318 |
| Signs and symptoms | |||||
| Fever | 192/286 (67.1) | 141/194 (72.7) | 53/92 (57.6) | 6.497† | 0.011 |
| Cough | 170 (58.8) | 99 (50.3) | 71 (77.2) | 18.763† | <0.001 |
| Sore throat | 49 (17.0) | 37 (18.8) | 12 (13.0) | 1.467† | 0.226 |
| Fatigue/malaise | 42 (14.5) | 29 (14.7) | 13 (14.1) | 0.018† | 0.894 |
| Shortness of breath | 42 (14.5) | 20 (10.2) | 22 (23.9) | 9.561† | 0.002 |
| Diarrhea | 38 (13.1) | 20 (10.2) | 18 (19.6) | 4.866† | 0.027 |
| Myalgia | 35 (12.1) | 21 (10.7) | 14 (15.2) | 1.224† | 0.269 |
| Headache | 30 (10.4) | 18 (9.1) | 12 (13.0) | 1.029† | 0.310 |
| Rhinitis | 23 (8.0) | 18 (9.1) | 5 (5.4) | 1.173† | 0.279 |
| Vomiting/nausea | 21 (7.3) | 15 (7.6) | 6 (6.5) | 0.111† | 0.739 |
| Chest pain | 19 (6.6) | 16 (8.1) | 3 (3.3) | 2.413† | 0.120 |
| Arthralgia | 15 (5.2) | 13 (6.6) | 2 (2.2) | – | 0.157 |
| Wheezing | 11 (3.8) | 6 (3.0) | 5 (5.4) | – | 0.335 |
| Bleeding | 6 (2.1) | 5 (2.5) | 1 (1.1) | – | 0.668 |
| Abdominal pain | 5 (1.7) | 3 (1.5) | 2 (2.2) | – | 0.655 |
| Altered consciousness | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | – | 1.000 |
| Heart rate (>100 beats per min) | 45/256 (17.6) | 28/170 (16.5) | 17/86 (19.8) | 0.428† | 0.513 |
| Respiratory rate (>24 breaths per min) | 19/258 (7.4) | 2/172 (1.2) | 17/86 (19.8) | 29.090† | <0.001 |
| SaO2 (>93%) | 206/238 (86.6) | 148/148 (100.0) | 58/90 (64.4) | 60.797† | <0.001 |
| PaO2/FiO2 (>300 mmHg) | 43/69 (62.3) | 38/38 (100.0) | 5/31 (16.1) | 51.142† | <0.001 |
Data are presented as median (Q1, Q3), n (%), or n/N (%). COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; PaO2/FiO2: Arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen; SaO2: Arterial oxygen saturation; –: Not applicable. ∗Z values. †χ2 values.