Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of JHS participants at visit 1 by diabetes status (n = 5128).
| Diabetes at visit 1 (n = 1,117) | No diabetes at visit 1 (n = 4,011) | Total (N = 5,128) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or n (%) | Mean (SD) or n (%) | ||
| Age (years) | 60.6 (10.6) | 53.8 (13.0) | 55.2 (12.8) |
| Female | 736 (65.9%) | 2,513 (62.7%) | 3,249 (63.4%) |
| Mean BMI (kg/m2) | 34.2 (7.2) | 31.1 (7.1) | 31.8 (7.3) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 726 (65.3) | 2,738 (68.9) | 3,464 (68.1) |
| Former | 264 (23.7) | 687 (17.3) | 951 (18.7) |
| Current | 122 (11.0) | 547 (13.8) | 669 (13.2) |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | 247 (22.8%) | 733 (19.2%) | 980 (20.0%) |
| High school/GED | 407 (37.6%) | 1,411 (37.0%) | 1,818 (37.1%) |
| College | 252 (23.3%) | 1,056 (27.7%) | 1,308 (26.7%) |
| Graduate/professional school | 178 (16.4%) | 619 (16.2%) | 797 (16.3%) |
| Sleep score | |||
| Excellent | 69 (6.2%) | 298 (7.5%) | 367 (7.2%) |
| Good | 572 (51.7%) | 2,066 (52.1%) | 2,638 (52.0%) |
| Fair | 414 (37.4%) | 1,450 (36.5%) | 1,864 (36.7%) |
| Poor | 52 (4.7%) | 154 (3.9%) | 206 (4.1%) |
| Occupational exposurea | 266 (23.8) | 827 (20.6) | 1,093 (21.3) |
| NSES | −0.56 (5.0) | −0.16 (7.1) | −0.2 (5.0) |
| Nutritional status | |||
| Poor | 441 (43.3%) | 2,181 (60.2%) | 2,622 (56.5%) |
| Intermediate | 559 (54.9%) | 1,413 (39.0%) | 1,972 (42.5%) |
| Ideal | 19 (1.9%) | 30 (0.8%) | 49 (1.1%) |
| Physical activity | |||
| Poor | 655 (58.7%) | 1,869 (46.6%) | 2,524 (49.3%) |
| Intermediate | 311 (27.9%) | 1,306 (32.6%) | 1,617 (31.6%) |
| Ideal | 150 (13.4%) | 833 (20.8%) | 983 (19.2%) |
| Family history of diabetes | 766 (68.6%) | 1,870 (46.6%) | 2,636 (51.4%) |
aOccupational exposure to air pollution includes those with occupations in farming, production, construction, or military.