Table 1.
Baseline descriptive statistics and unadjusted outcomes for hypertension cases versus matched healthy controls.
| Variable | Groupa | |||||
|
|
Hypertension (n=466) | Control (n=466) | ||||
| Sample description | ||||||
|
|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 53.5 (15.5) | 52.5 (15.3) | |||
|
|
Age group, n (%) |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
18-25 years | 26 (6) | 34 (7) | ||
|
|
|
26-40 years | 83 (18) | 78 (17) | ||
|
|
|
41-55 years | 105 (23) | 117 (25) | ||
|
|
|
56-90 years | 252 (54) | 237 (51) | ||
|
|
Gender, n (%) |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
Male | 220 (47) | 220 (47) | ||
|
|
|
Female | 243 (52) | 243 (52) | ||
|
|
|
Not specified/other | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | ||
|
|
Education, n (%) |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
High school or less | 115 (25) | 112 (24) | ||
|
|
|
Certificate I-IV | 69 (15) | 69 (15) | ||
|
|
|
University | 282 (61) | 285 (61) | ||
|
|
Adequate health literacyb, n (%) | 427 (92) | 431 (92) | |||
|
|
Takes any prescription medicine, n (%) | 359 (77) | 195 (42) | |||
|
|
Consumer Health Activation Index (score 0-100 where 100 is more active), mean (SD) | 75.83 (14.19) | 77.17 (12.77) | |||
| Risk perception | ||||||
|
|
Seriousness of threat (0=low, 10=high), mean (SD) | 7.72 (2.25) | 7.66 (2.18) | |||
|
|
What percentage of people who get COVID-19 will die as a result? (open), mean (SD) | 6.50 (13.49) | 5.72 (12.45) | |||
|
|
What percentage of people who get COVID-19 will experience only mild symptoms? (open), mean (SD) | 62.88 (26.36) | 62.37 (27.12) | |||
| Anxiety | ||||||
|
|
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (score range 20-80; normal 34-36), mean (SD) | 40.62 (14.95) | 38.98 (14.38) | |||
|
|
Never (in the past week) felt nervous or stressed because of COVID-19 (categorical), n (%) | 113 (24) | 115 (25) | |||
| Prevention behaviors | ||||||
|
|
Perceived importance of social distancing (average of 4 items from 1-7, where 7 is most important), mean (SD) | 6.48 (0.74) | 6.42 (0.82) | |||
|
|
How often are you leaving home? n (%) | |||||
|
|
|
Less than once per week | 45 (10) | 42 (9) | ||
|
|
|
Once per week | 53 (11) | 53 (11) | ||
|
|
|
A few times per week | 176 (38) | 150 (32) | ||
|
|
|
Once per day | 154 (33) | 176 (38) | ||
|
|
|
Multiple times per day | 38 (8) | 45 (10) | ||
|
|
I have or I will get the flu vaccine this year, n (%) | |||||
|
|
|
Strongly disagree/disagree | 50 (11) | 72 (15) | ||
|
|
|
Neither agree nor disagree | 30 (6) | 39 (8) | ||
|
|
|
Strongly agree/agree | 386 (83) | 355 (76) | ||
|
|
If a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available, I will get it, n (%) | |||||
|
|
|
Strongly disagree/disagree | 17 (4) | 29 (6) | ||
|
|
|
Neither agree nor disagree | 45 (10) | 42 (9) | ||
|
|
|
Strongly agree/agree | 404 (87) | 395 (85) | ||
aPeople reporting high blood pressure and no other conditions were matched to healthy controls with no reported cardiovascular or respiratory conditions.
bBased on the single-item health literacy screener.