Table 1.
Demographic characteristics for visit 4 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants who were not diabetic (all participants versus participants who were edentulous and underwent a periodontal examination or were edentulous) according to their diabetes status at visit 4 (undiagnosed versus not diabetic).
| CHARACTERISTIC | VISIT 4 PARTICIPANTS (N = 10,123) | PARTICIPANTS WITH PERIODONTAL EXAMINATION OR EDENTULISM (N = 7,343) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Undiagnosed | Not Diabetic | P Value | Undiagnosed | Not Diabetic | P Value | |
| Center (Race), No. (%) | NA* | NA | < .0001 | NA | NA | < .0001 |
| Jackson, Mississippi (African American) | 155 (9) | 1,639 (91) | NA | 103 (8) | 1,169 (92) | NA |
| North Carolina (white) | 109 (5) | 2,228 (95) | NA | 84 (5) | 1,645 (95) | NA |
| North Carolina (African American) | 16 (8) | 185 (92) | NA | 11 (8) | 125 (92) | NA |
| Maryland (white) | 175 (6) | 2,596 (94) | NA | 121 (6) | 1,893 (94) | NA |
| Suburban Minneapolis, Minnesota (white) | 131 (4) | 2,857 (96) | NA | 92 (4) | 2,077 (96) | NA |
| Sex, No. (%) | NA | NA | .0004 | NA | NA | .008 |
| Female | 289 (5) | 5396 (95) | NA | 201 (5) | 3,842 (95) | NA |
| Male | 299 (7) | 4139 (93) | NA | 211 (6) | 3,089 (94) | NA |
| Age, Years, Mean (Standard Deviation) | 63.0 (5.5) | 62.7 (5.7) | .20 | 62.9 (5.6) | 62.7 (5.7) | .32 |
| Body Mass Index, Mean (Standard Deviation) | 31.6 (5.9) | 28.2 (5.3) | < .0001 | 31.7 (6.0) | 28.2 (5.3) | < .0001 |
| Smoking Status, No. (%) | NA | NA | .01 | NA | NA | .06 |
| Never | 249 (6) | 4,230 (94) | NA | 170 (5) | 3,102 (95) | NA |
| Former | 247 (6) | 3,591 (94) | NA | 174 (6) | 2,586 (94) | NA |
| Current | 61 (4) | 1,330 (96) | NA | 46 (5) | 963 (95) | NA |
| Education, No. (%) | NA | NA | .0001 | NA | NA | .001 |
| Basic | 141 (8) | 1,655 (92) | NA | 102 (8) | 1,226 (92) | NA |
| Intermediate | 242 (6) | 4,049 (94) | NA | 163 (5) | 2,983 (95) | NA |
| Advanced | 203 (5) | 3,820 (95) | NA | 145 (5) | 2,714 (95) | NA |
| High-Density Lipoprotein, No. (%) | NA | NA | < .0001 | NA | NA | < .0001 |
| ≥ 40 milligrams/deciliter | 294 (11) | 2,411 (89) | NA | 212 (11) | 1,781 (89) | NA |
| < 40 mg/dL | 294 (4) | 7,124 (96) | NA | 200 (4) | 5,150 (96) | NA |
| Triglycerides, No. (%) | NA | NA | < .0001 | NA | NA | < .0001 |
| > 200 mg/dL | 194 (12) | 1,433 (88) | NA | 134 (11) | 1,056 (89) | NA |
| ≤ 200 mg/dL | 394 (5) | 8,102 (95) | NA | 278 (5) | 5,875 (95) | NA |
| Statins, No. (%) | NA | NA | .22 | NA | NA | .60 |
| Yes | 86 (7) | 1,227 (93) | NA | 55 (6) | 862 (94) | NA |
| No | 502 (6) | 8,291 (94) | NA | 357 (6) | 6,056 (94) | NA |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | NA | NA | < .0001 | NA | NA | < .0001 |
| Yes | 304 (9) | 3,250 (91) | NA | 206 (8) | 2,256 (92) | NA |
| No | 283 (4) | 6,237 (96) | NA | 205 (4) | 4,642 (96) | NA |
*
NA: Not applicable.