Study characteristics |
Patient Sampling |
Live‐born twin pairs born at tertiary centre with GA > 23 weeks, no anomalies and US within 3 weeks of delivery |
Patient characteristics and setting |
242 twin pregnancies; GA: mean 32.8 (SD 4.1) weeks; tertiary centre |
Index tests |
EFW or AC |
Target condition and reference standard(s) |
Birth weight discordance |
Flow and timing |
US within 3 weeks of delivery |
Comparative |
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Notes |
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Methodological quality |
Item |
Authors' judgement |
Risk of bias |
Applicability concerns |
DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection |
Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? |
Yes |
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Was a case‐control design avoided? |
Yes |
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Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions? |
Yes |
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Could the selection of patients have introduced bias? |
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Low risk |
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Are there concerns that the included patients and setting do not match the review question? |
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Low concern |
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (All tests) |
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? |
Unclear |
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If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? |
Yes |
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Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? |
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Unclear risk |
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Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? |
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Low concern |
DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard |
Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition? |
Unclear |
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Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests? |
Unclear |
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Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias? |
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Unclear risk |
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Are there concerns that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the question? |
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Low concern |
DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing |
Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard? |
Yes |
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Did all patients receive the same reference standard? |
Yes |
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Were all patients included in the analysis? |
Yes |
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Could the patient flow have introduced bias? |
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Low risk |
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