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. 2021 Mar 12;2021(3):CD013316. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013316.pub2
Domain 1: participant selection
Risk of bias SQ1.1: was a consecutive or random sample of people enrolled?
SQ1.2: was a case‐control or cross‐sectional design avoided?
SQ1.3: did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions?
Applicability Are there concerns that the included participants and setting do not match the review question?
Domain 2: subsequent treatment
Risk of bias SQ2.1: did treatment vary across participants? (or "Was treatment either standardised or randomised?")
Applicability Are there concerns that treatments received do not match the review question?
Domain 3: outcome measurement
Risk of bias SQ3.1: was the method of outcome measurement used adequately valid and reliable?
SQ3.2: was the method and setting of outcome measurement the same for all study participants?
SQ3.3: was the outcome objective or assessed without knowledge of the prognostic factor?
SQ3.4: do the prognostic factors investigated form part of the outcome?
Applicability Are there concerns that outcome does not match the question or that follow‐up was not of sufficient duration, or both?
Domain 4: prognostic factor measurement
Risk of bias SQ4.1: was the method and setting of measurement of the prognostic factor the same for all participants?
SQ4.2: was the prognostic factor objective or measured without knowledge of the outcome or risk of the outcome?
SQ4.3: if a threshold was used, was it prespecified?
Applicability Are there concerns that prognostic factor, the way that it was measured, or the way that it was interpreted, differ from the review question?
Domain 5: study attrition
Risk of bias SQ5.1: were all participants included in the analysis?
If no to SQ5.1: SQ5.2: were there important differences between participants who completed the study/were included in the analysis and those who were not?
Domain 6: adjustment for other potential prognostic factors (where relevant)
Risk of bias SQ6.1: were other potential prognostic factors measured adequately and reliably and in a similar manner for all participants, and is the method of adding them to the model appropriate?
Applicability Did the prognostic factors adjusted for match the review question?
Domain 7: selective reporting
Risk of bias SQ7.1: is the reported estimate likely to be selected on the basis of the results from: multiple outcome measurements, multiple analyses of the prognostic factor‐outcome relationship, from different subgroups, or a combination of these?